Activities of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in 2016

By Sarah Stutzman  |  Volume 98, Number 12  |  December 19, 2018

Download PDF

By primary industry of affiliate, the largest increases in U.S. affiliate value added in 2016 were in retail trade, chemicals manufacturing (mainly pharmaceuticals), and information (mainly wireless telecommunications). These increases were slightly greater than the growth in GDP in these industries. By country of ultimate beneficial owner (UBO), the largest increases in value added in 2016 were for British-owned and Japanese-owned affiliates.1

This article examines selected activities of MOUSAs in 2016 including value added, employment, international trade in goods, and expenditures on research and development (R&D)—and the changes in these activities from 2015 to 2016.2 Highlights of the activities of majority-owned U.S. affiliates in 2016 include the following:

  • U.S. affiliate employment was 7.1 million workers, up 0.3 million workers, or 3.9 percent, from 6.8 million in 2015.
  • Exports of goods by U.S. affiliates were $369.8 billion, up $0.8 billion, or 0.2 percent, from $368.9 billion in 2015.
  • Imports of goods by U.S. affiliates were $649.9 billion, down $43.5 billion, or 6.3 percent, from $693.5 billion in 2015.
  • R&D performed by U.S. affiliates was $60.1 billion, up $3.4 billion, or 6.0 percent, from $56.7 billion in 2015.

These statistics are based on the 2016 preliminary and 2015 revised results of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) Annual Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States. The statistics are disaggregated by country of UBO, by industry of affiliate or by industry of sales, and by state. The revised statistics for 2015 replace preliminary statistics published in August 2017. Additional characteristics of U.S. affiliates and their activities—including asset holdings; property, plant, and equipment holdings and expenditures; sales; employee compensation; and net income—are presented in tables at the end of this article and are available on BEA’s website.

Current-dollar value added of U.S. affiliates grew to $910.6 billion in 2016 (table 1), a 1.9 percent increase from 2015 (table 2).3 In 2016, U.S. affiliates accounted for 6.4 percent of total U.S. business-sector GDP, down from 6.5 percent in 2015.

Table 2. Percent Change from Preceding Period in Value Added and Employment of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises, 2007–2016
[Annual rates]
  Value added Employment
Millions of dollars Thousands of employees
By year:    
2008 −5.0 0.9
2009 −8.4 −6.1
2010 11.5 2.7
2011 12.9 4.9
2012 6.2 3.3
2013 6.3 5.0
2014 4.9 7.0
2015 1.2 3.2
2016 1.9 3.9
Overall:    
2007–2015 3.5 2.5
Within specific time periods:    
2007–2009 −6.7 −2.7
2009–2014 8.3 4.6
2014–2016 1.5 3.5

By country of ownership

Affiliates with UBOs in the seven largest investing countries—the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Canada, France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands—accounted for 73.6 percent of U.S. affiliate value added in 2016. British-owned affiliates accounted for the largest share (15.2 percent) of U.S. affiliate value added, followed by Japanese-owned affiliates (14.8 percent) and German-owned affiliates (11.5 percent).

Manufacturing accounted for the largest share—slightly more than 40 percent—of total British-owned affiliate value added. Within British-owned affiliate manufacturing, the largest share was in pharmaceuticals, followed by petroleum and coal products. Outside of manufacturing, British-owned affiliates generated substantial value added in information and retail trade. In 2016, value added by British-owned affiliates rose $16.1 billion, or 13.1 percent, reflecting new affiliates in retail trade and pharmaceuticals.

Value added by Japanese-owned affiliates was largest in manufacturing and wholesale trade. Within manufacturing and wholesale trade, the largest share was in the production and sale of motor vehicle related products. Value added by Japanese-owned affiliates increased $9.6 billion, or 7.7 percent, in 2016, reflecting increases by existing affiliates in wireless telecommunications and wholesale trade and new affiliates in life insurance.

Manufacturing accounted for slightly less than half of all German-owned affiliate value added, mainly in motor vehicle related products, chemicals, and machinery. Value added by German-owned affiliates decreased $3.1 billion, or 2.9 percent, reflecting decreases by existing affiliates in chemicals and transportation equipment manufacturing.

Although the level of value added by Chinese-owned affiliates was much lower than that of the top three countries, it increased sharply, by $3.1 billion, or 50.2 percent, reflecting the establishment of new affiliates in 2016.

By industry of affiliate

In 2016, affiliates in manufacturing accounted for 44.5 percent of affiliate value added, affiliates in wholesale trade accounted for 11.9 percent, and affiliates in finance and insurance accounted for 9.8 percent.4 Within manufacturing, chemicals accounted for the largest share of affiliate value added, followed by transportation equipment.

The largest increases in U.S. affiliate value added in 2016 were in retail trade, chemicals manufacturing (mainly pharmaceuticals), and information (mainly wireless telecommunications). These increases were slightly greater than the growth in GDP in these industries. Value added in retail trade increased $10.1 billion, or 26.2 percent. The leading contributors to the increases in value added were new British-owned affiliates in retail trade and pharmaceuticals and existing French-owned pharmaceutical affiliates. Most of the increases in retail trade and about one-half of the increases in chemicals were from newly acquired affiliates.

The largest decreases in value added occurred in mining, finance and insurance, and petroleum and coal products manufacturing affiliates. Value added by affiliates in mining decreased $9.2 billion, or 27.1 percent, due to decreases in oil and gas extraction manufacturing and support activities by Australian-owned affiliates. The decreases in petroleum-related industries mainly reflected decreased prices for petroleum and coal products, which resulted in decreased revenues. Output prices decreased 12.7 percent for oil and gas extraction and 27.7 percent for petroleum and coal products manufacturing.5

   

Employment by U.S. affiliates represents U.S. jobs that are controlled by foreign parent companies. Employment by majority-owned U.S. affiliates increased 3.9 percent in 2016 to 7.1 million workers, after increasing 3.2 percent in 2015 (tables 1 and 2). The share of U.S. private industry employment accounted for by U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs was 5.6 percent in 2016, up from 5.5 percent in 2015.

By country of ownership

British-owned affiliates accounted for the largest share of U.S. affiliate employment (17.5 percent), followed by Japanese-owned affiliates (12.1 percent). Employment by British-owned affiliates increased the most in 2016 (112,700 workers), followed by Canadian-owned affiliates (38,000 workers), and Chinese-owned affiliates (34,300 workers). The increases in British-owned and Chinese-owned affiliate employment was largely due to acquisitions of U.S. companies.

By industry of sales

This section uses employment statistics disaggregated by industry of sales (see “Industry Classification of U.S. Affiliate Statistics” for more information on these statistics). In 2016, manufacturing accounted for the largest share of U.S. affiliate employment by industry of sales (29.6 percent). Within manufacturing, motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts accounted for 5.8 percent of U.S. affiliate employment by industry of sales, chemicals accounted for 4.1 percent (half of which was in pharmaceuticals), and food products accounted for 3.5 percent. Outside of manufacturing, administrative and support services (four-fifths of which was in employment services and investigation and security services) had the largest share of U.S. affiliate employment by industry of sales (10.7 percent), followed by retail trade (10.1 percent).

Employment outside of manufacturing increased by 217,800 workers, or 4.6 percent, in 2016. About one-third of this increase was in retail trade, followed by professional, scientific, and technical services and by administrative, support, and waste management. Increases in these industries were offset by decreases in mining and transportation and warehousing. Employment in manufacturing increased by approximately 55,900 workers, or 2.7 percent, primarily reflecting increases in pharmaceuticals and household appliances.

By U.S. region and state

In 2016, New England had the largest regional share of private industry employment that was accounted for by U.S. affiliates (6.8 percent), followed by the Mideast (6.3 percent) and the Great Lakes (6.1 percent). The Rocky Mountains (4.0 percent) and the Plains (4.6 percent) had the lowest shares of private industry employment accounted for by U.S. affiliates (table 3).

The U.S. states with the largest shares of total private industry employment accounted for by U.S. affiliates were New Jersey (8.2 percent), South Carolina (8.2 percent), and Kentucky (8.0 percent), followed by New Hampshire, Indiana, Connecticut, and North Carolina (each more than 7.0 percent) (table 3 and chart 2).

Table 3. Employment of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by State, 2015–2016
  Thousands of employees Percentage of total
private industry employment in the state 1
2015 2016 2015 2016
Total 2 6,822.8 7,087.9 5.5 5.6
New England 417.7 434.0 6.6 6.8
Connecticut 102.6 105.3 7.1 7.2
Maine 34.3 34.2 6.7 6.6
Massachusetts 203.0 213.7 6.5 6.7
New Hampshire 41.2 43.3 7.3 7.5
Rhode Island 25.5 26.5 6.0 6.2
Vermont 11.0 11.1 4.2 4.2
Mideast 1,205.6 1,251.5 6.2 6.3
Delaware 25.2 25.0 6.6 6.5
District of Columbia 23.5 24.3 4.5 4.6
Maryland 116.9 118.3 5.4 5.4
New Jersey 270.7 283.6 8.0 8.2
New York 477.9 499.1 6.1 6.3
Pennsylvania 291.4 301.0 5.6 5.7
Great Lakes 1,109.6 1,149.9 5.9 6.1
Illinois 321.7 340.5 6.2 6.5
Indiana 189.7 193.0 7.2 7.2
Michigan 243.3 250.3 6.6 6.7
Ohio 257.7 267.5 5.5 5.6
Wisconsin 97.3 98.6 3.9 3.9
Plains 395.9 414.1 4.4 4.6
Iowa 59.9 60.3 4.5 4.5
Kansas 56.1 58.0 4.8 5.0
Minnesota 113.9 119.7 4.6 4.8
Missouri 109.8 119.2 4.6 4.9
Nebraska 31.4 32.1 3.8 3.8
North Dakota 13.0 12.6 3.4 3.5
South Dakota 11.9 12.1 3.3 3.4
Southeast 1,697.4 1,773.1 5.8 6.0
Alabama 104.6 109.1 6.5 6.7
Arkansas 46.1 47.0 4.6 4.6
Florida 331.2 348.8 4.6 4.7
Georgia 228.9 239.2 6.3 6.4
Kentucky 120.2 129.4 7.5 8.0
Louisiana 67.5 67.7 4.0 4.1
Mississippi 37.4 37.9 4.1 4.1
North Carolina 252.6 260.4 7.0 7.1
South Carolina 134.6 140.4 8.1 8.2
Tennessee 164.2 177.1 6.6 6.9
Virginia 180.6 187.2 5.8 5.9
West Virginia 29.4 28.9 5.1 5.2
Southwest 759.4 775.7 5.3 5.4
Arizona 104.4 108.9 4.6 4.7
New Mexico 16.9 18.0 2.7 2.8
Oklahoma 49.6 51.8 3.8 4.0
Texas 588.5 596.9 5.8 5.8
Rocky Mountains 177.2 185.1 4.0 4.0
Colorado 105.0 107.4 4.9 4.9
Idaho 15.6 15.4 2.8 2.7
Montana 6.8 7.2 1.8 1.9
Utah 42.6 47.8 3.6 3.9
Wyoming 7.2 7.3 3.3 3.5
Far West 1,008.9 1,052.6 5.0 5.1
Alaska 16.3 17.2 6.3 6.7
California 734.2 769.2 5.2 5.3
Hawaii 36.7 37.2 7.1 7.0
Nevada 47.8 48.1 4.3 4.2
Oregon 60.6 65.3 4.0 4.1
Washington 113.3 115.5 4.3 4.2
Puerto Rico 24.0 25.0 n.a.5 n.a.5
Other U.S. areas 3 24.2 23.5 n.a.5 n.a.5
Foreign 4 2.9 3.4 n.a.5 n.a.5
n.a.
Not available
  1. For employment by state, comparable data are available in the table “Full-Time and Part-Time Wage and Salary Employment by Industry (SA27, SA27N)” from BEA’s regional economic accounts, which can be accessed from the interactive tables for “Annual State Personal Income and Employment” under “Regional Data: GDP & Personal Income.” For consistency, U.S. private household employment, available in the same tables, was subtracted from U.S. business nonfarm wage and salary employment by state.
  2. For consistency with the coverage of the data on U.S. private industry employment, U.S. affiliate employment in Puerto Rico, in “other U.S. areas,” and in “foreign” was excluded from the U.S. affiliate totals when the employment shares were computed. Data on all U.S. private industry employment are derived from line 2 (private industries) of table 6.4D, Full-Time and Part-Time Employees by Industry, in the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs) on BEA’s website.
  3. “Other U.S. areas” consists of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and all other outlying U.S. areas.
  4. “Foreign” consists of employees of U.S. affiliates working abroad.
  5. Data on U.S. private industry employment does not cover employment in Puerto Rico, Other U.S. areas, and Foreign. As a result, employment shares cannot be calculated.
Chart 2. Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates: Share of Total Private Industry Employment by State, 2016

[Click chart to expand]

U.S. affiliate employment increased the most in California (35,000 workers), followed by New York (21,200 workers) and Illinois (18,800 workers) (chart 3). Other states with increases in U.S. affiliate employment of more than 10,000 employees were Florida, New Jersey, Tennessee, Massachusetts, and Georgia.

Affiliate employment decreased the most in West Virginia (600 workers) and North Dakota (300 workers). These decreases reflected both divestments by foreign investors and decreases in employment in existing affiliates in these states.

Chart 3. Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates: Change in Total Private Industry Employment by State, 2015–2016

[Click chart to expand]

In 2016, U.S. affiliates accounted for 25.5 percent of total U.S. exports of goods, up from 24.5 percent in 2015, and they accounted for 29.7 percent of total U.S. imports of goods, down from 30.8 percent in 2015.6 The larger affiliate share for U.S. exports and imports (25.5 percent and 29.7 percent, respectively) than for value added (6.4 percent) or employment (5.6 percent) reflects the general international orientation of foreign-owned companies and their production and distribution ties with their foreign parents (chart 4). In 2016, intrafirm transactions between affiliates and their foreign parents or other members of their foreign parent groups accounted for 44.1 percent of affiliate exports of goods and for 74.6 percent of affiliate imports of goods.7

Chart 4. Shares of U.S. Economic Activity Accounted for by U.S. Affiliates, 2015–2016

[Click chart to expand]

Exports

Exports of goods by U.S. affiliates totaled $369.8 billion in 2016. Japanese-owned affiliates accounted for the largest share of U.S. affiliate exports (23.4 percent), followed by British-owned and German-owned affiliates. Most of the exports of goods by Japanese-owned affiliates were in wholesale trade, including motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts and supplies as well as farm product raw materials, and in manufacturing, especially motor vehicles, bodies, trailers, and parts. The motor vehicles and parts manufacturing and wholesale trade industries were a large source of exports for German-owned affiliates, as was the chemical manufacturing industry. Exports were largest for British-owned affiliates in petroleum and coal products.

Exports of goods by U.S. affiliates increased $0.8 billion, or 0.2 percent, from 2015. The largest contributors were British-owned affiliates, mainly in retail trade, pharmaceuticals, and petroleum and coal product manufacturing.

Imports

Imports of goods by U.S. affiliates totaled $649.9 billion in 2016. Japanese-owned affiliates accounted for the largest share (29.2 percent) of affiliate imports in 2016, followed by German-owned and Korean-owned affiliates. Three-fourths of imports by Japanese-owned affiliates were in wholesale trade, primarily by wholesalers of motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts. Imports by German-owned affiliates were concentrated in manufacturing and wholesale trade, especially motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts.

Imports of goods by U.S. affiliates decreased $43.5 billion, or 6.3 percent, from 2015. Dutch-owned affiliates accounted for more than one-third of the decrease, followed by German-owned and Japanese-owned affiliates. Decreases in imports by Dutch-owned affiliates were concentrated in manufacturing, decreases in imports by German-owned affiliates were concentrated in motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts manufacturing and wholesale trade, and decreases in imports by Japanese-owned affiliates were concentrated in wholesale trade, mainly in professional and commercial equipment.

R&D performed by U.S. affiliates totaled $60.1 billion in 2016, up 6.0 percent from 2015. R&D performed by affiliates accounted for 16.1 percent of the R&D performed by all U.S. businesses in 2016.8 The affiliate share of U.S. business R&D expenditures in 2016 (16.1 percent) was substantially higher than the affiliate share of all U.S. business value added (6.4 percent) or employment (5.6 percent) (chart 4).9

Affiliates of UBOs in seven countries—Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Ireland—accounted for over 80 percent of all R&D expenditures by affiliates. Most of the R&D performed by Swiss-owned and British-owned affiliates was in pharmaceutical manufacturing, while Japanese-owned affiliates performed R&D in several industries in manufacturing and wholesale trade.

Almost three-fourths of the $3.4 billion increase in R&D performed by affiliates was accounted for by European-owned affiliates. Most of the increase by the European-owned affiliates reflected increases from British-owned, Swiss-owned, German-owned, and Dutch-owned affiliates. The increase in R&D performed by European-owned affiliates was concentrated in pharmaceuticals and medicines, followed by motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts and machinery manufacturing.

By industry, more than 60 percent of the increase in R&D performed by affiliates was by pharmaceutical and motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts manufacturing affiliates.

Tables 4.1 through 5.2 follow.

   
Table 4.1. Selected Data on Activities of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Industry of Affiliate, 2015—Continues
  Millions of dollars
Total assets Gross property, plant, and equipment Expenditures for property, plant, and equipment Sales Net income Value added Compensation of employees
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
All industries 13,317,999 2,256,436 262,026 3,994,467 76,053 894,029 548,520
Manufacturing 2,484,761 958,495 94,919 1,667,524 35,560 396,433 220,710
Food 163,493 52,254 4,838 153,253 6,829 32,736 18,557
Beverages and tobacco products 116,870 21,265 1,197 36,130 1,108 14,516 4,281
Paper 13,761 11,316 755 13,214 97 3,520 2,249
Petroleum and coal products 261,435 258,929 19,306 217,229 −14,031 28,553 11,636
Chemicals 821,501 178,589 22,255 352,870 15,535 97,875 45,402
Basic chemicals 116,369 78,982 7,504 100,861 5,723 23,426 9,296
Pharmaceuticals and medicines 608,779 67,455 10,631 188,882 6,255 59,974 29,103
Other 96,353 32,152 4,120 63,127 3,557 14,474 7,003
Plastics and rubber products 64,095 34,544 3,105 64,844 2,925 19,357 11,487
Nonmetallic mineral products 98,673 69,031 3,508 49,962 663 16,761 10,448
Primary and fabricated metals 124,543 59,780 3,044 102,549 −1,410 21,713 15,848
Primary metals 79,145 44,009 1,962 68,640 −2,474 11,678 9,116
Fabricated metal products 45,398 15,772 1,082 33,909 1,063 10,035 6,732
Machinery 149,438 27,242 2,538 101,386 4,825 31,216 21,562
Computers and electronic products 121,606 25,539 2,066 73,916 2,050 19,412 14,821
Semiconductors and other electronic components 41,037 11,839 782 20,970 2,509 5,847 4,027
Navigational, measuring, and other instruments 41,348 8,738 666 30,950 −437 7,633 6,493
Other 39,221 4,962 618 21,996 −22 5,933 4,301
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components 91,935 15,608 1,178 48,478 2,160 13,676 9,545
Transportation equipment 361,650 179,122 29,183 392,735 12,399 75,474 40,129
Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts 307,220 165,951 28,112 353,486 11,733 62,949 31,106
Other 54,430 13,171 1,070 39,250 666 12,525 9,023
Other 95,761 25,276 1,945 60,956 2,409 21,622 14,746
Wholesale trade 903,563 352,282 50,836 1,112,844 6,074 104,007 59,703
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts and supplies 329,362 151,350 29,488 277,055 4,997 17,528 10,402
Electrical goods 78,990 26,894 2,803 146,756 953 15,953 10,247
Petroleum and petroleum products 141,952 102,758 10,257 264,922 −5,462 10,463 2,210
Other 353,259 71,281 8,289 424,111 5,585 60,063 36,844
Retail trade 111,183 68,560 8,719 177,955 3,195 38,597 21,214
Food and beverage stores 41,049 37,771 2,874 92,748 1,935 19,000 10,340
Other 70,134 30,789 5,845 85,208 1,260 19,597 10,874
Information 403,840 102,181 15,341 149,998 −4,452 41,840 27,015
Publishing industries 54,720 4,565 373 21,418 723 9,077 6,673
Telecommunications 201,300 80,885 13,508 83,791 −3,471 19,510 8,813
Other 147,820 16,730 1,460 44,789 −1,703 13,252 11,529
Finance and insurance 7,934,160 110,279 26,294 347,332 21,110 93,983 72,587
Depository credit intermediation (banking) 3,839,117 23,724 2,297 75,047 8,241 24,728 17,196
Finance, except depository institutions 2,147,878 59,956 (D) 120,189 1,809 30,121 34,152
Insurance carriers and related activities 1,947,165 26,599 (D) 152,096 11,060 39,134 21,240
Real estate and rental and leasing 209,013 144,594 17,497 32,697 1,165 16,409 4,457
Real estate 122,566 100,057 9,616 18,440 −398 8,308 2,275
Rental and leasing (except real estate) 86,447 44,537 7,881 14,257 1,563 8,101 2,182
Professional, scientific, and technical services 216,915 21,304 2,337 127,481 4,744 48,763 39,381
Architectural, engineering, and related services 28,909 4,868 394 19,658 −463 7,844 7,240
Computer systems design and related services 69,711 6,279 1,044 35,420 294 13,380 10,909
Management, scientific, and technical consulting 43,367 1,457 101 21,502 2,388 11,210 9,050
Other 74,927 8,700 797 50,900 2,524 16,329 12,183
Other industries 1,054,564 498,741 46,083 378,636 8,657 153,997 103,453
Mining 260,552 223,335 21,057 71,699 −16,795 33,921 15,711
Utilities 179,988 139,490 11,669 52,806 458 14,707 5,032
Construction 65,052 12,995 3,372 64,992 2,308 12,172 9,970
Transportation and warehousing 109,657 67,009 4,317 62,715 364 22,189 13,940
Administration, support, and waste management 67,395 11,881 1,387 53,305 1,734 35,648 30,992
Health care and social assistance 25,861 5,681 707 15,011 471 8,422 6,664
Accommodation and food services 41,492 23,156 1,953 37,651 375 19,256 15,447
Other 304,567 15,194 1,621 20,457 19,741 7,682 5,697
(*)
Less than $500,000.
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies.
Table 4.1. Selected Data on Activities of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Industry of Affiliate, 2015—Table Ends
  Thousands of employees Millions of dollars
U.S. exports of goods shipped by affiliates U.S. imports of goods shipped to affiliates Research and development performed by affiliates
(8) (9) (10) (11)
All industries 6,823 368,939 693,456 56,731
Manufacturing 2,425 211,683 288,819 39,546
Food 296 18,795 8,744 694
Beverages and tobacco products 51 1,803 2,867 49
Paper 27 1,623 1,170 61
Petroleum and coal products 46 22,033 33,758 (D)
Chemicals 343 42,133 58,966 20,608
Basic chemicals 85 16,456 15,808 737
Pharmaceuticals and medicines 187 17,253 30,850 19,156
Other 71 8,423 12,308 715
Plastics and rubber products 156 7,618 13,714 559
Nonmetallic mineral products 129 1,764 1,305 300
Primary and fabricated metals 188 8,424 13,947 546
Primary metals 100 4,984 7,821 176
Fabricated metal products 88 3,441 6,126 370
Machinery 217 19,005 15,639 2,267
Computers and electronic products 149 13,881 14,802 5,314
Semiconductors and other electronic components 39 4,267 4,358 1,843
Navigational, measuring, and other instruments 68 7,574 6,941 1,726
Other 43 2,040 3,504 1,745
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components 110 6,596 7,757 1,129
Transportation equipment 506 59,056 108,693 6,545
Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts 403 51,362 104,485 5,594
Other 103 7,695 4,208 951
Other 206 8,951 7,458 (D)
Wholesale trade 670 145,088 383,444 9,134
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts and supplies 107 24,823 126,951 608
Electrical goods 101 22,807 80,678 2,767
Petroleum and petroleum products 19 40,441 39,994 (D)
Other 443 57,017 135,820 (D)
Retail trade 594 1,103 16,467 28
Food and beverage stores 301 11 (D) 0
Other 293 1,092 (D) 28
Information 295 828 167 1,015
Publishing industries 77 (D) 120 637
Telecommunications 96 1 6 (D)
Other 121 (D) 41 (D)
Finance and insurance 400 (D) (*) 69
Depository credit intermediation (banking) 122 0 0 1
Finance, except depository institutions 126 (D) (*) 67
Insurance carriers and related activities 151 0 (*) 1
Real estate and rental and leasing 64 (D) (D) 161
Real estate 38 0 0 (*)
Rental and leasing (except real estate) 26 (D) (D) 161
Professional, scientific, and technical services 359 1,061 368 5,808
Architectural, engineering, and related services 70 (D) 334 240
Computer systems design and related services 96 (D) (D) 1,555
Management, scientific, and technical consulting 77 (D) (*) (D)
Other 115 0 (D) (D)
Other industries 2,018 8,766 (D) 971
Mining 122 6,827 1,943 484
Utilities 48 372 884 5
Construction 95 (D) (D) (D)
Transportation and warehousing 294 3 (D) (D)
Administration, support, and waste management 744 (D) (D) (D)
Health care and social assistance 110 (D) 0 (D)
Accommodation and food services 495 (D) (*) (*)
Other 110 989 267 200
(*)
Less than $500,000.
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies.
Table 4.2. Selected Data on Activities of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Industry of Affiliate, 2016—Continues
  Millions of dollars
Total assets Gross property, plant, and equipment Expenditures for property, plant, and equipment Sales Net income Value added Compensation of employees
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
All industries 13,389,403 2,335,532 258,886 4,054,918 85,796 910,599 575,678
Manufacturing 2,594,038 1,008,478 98,353 1,681,757 49,322 405,199 228,201
Food 159,033 53,959 4,667 156,476 7,839 34,468 19,858
Beverages and tobacco products 118,029 21,606 1,209 36,643 1,471 15,052 4,496
Paper 14,933 11,289 751 13,537 27 3,726 2,402
Petroleum and coal products 266,217 262,763 19,899 212,240 −11,146 23,863 12,027
Chemicals 901,117 210,610 24,176 358,812 23,437 106,252 48,823
Basic chemicals 119,129 79,917 7,371 98,656 5,597 22,910 9,426
Pharmaceuticals and medicines 677,874 95,994 12,602 195,262 13,924 67,928 31,777
Other 104,115 34,700 4,203 64,894 3,916 15,413 7,620
Plastics and rubber products 65,153 35,337 3,114 65,666 3,921 20,159 11,930
Nonmetallic mineral products 92,856 69,666 3,284 50,060 1,148 17,615 10,602
Primary and fabricated metals 116,275 54,988 3,001 88,111 1,500 19,797 13,969
Primary metals 70,889 39,289 1,877 54,910 239 9,942 7,295
Fabricated metal products 45,386 15,699 1,124 33,201 1,260 9,856 6,674
Machinery 164,193 29,940 2,820 106,083 5,067 34,258 23,181
Computers and electronic products 129,648 26,662 2,293 74,990 −445 18,966 14,796
Semiconductors and other electronic components 48,228 13,140 854 23,748 154 5,590 4,065
Navigational, measuring, and other instruments 40,007 8,248 810 29,383 57 7,760 6,397
Other 41,414 5,273 630 21,860 −656 5,616 4,334
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components 100,025 18,420 1,351 54,420 2,436 15,534 10,879
Transportation equipment 364,159 185,864 29,798 399,920 11,477 72,912 39,678
Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts 309,707 172,245 28,664 362,193 10,886 60,868 31,052
Other 54,452 13,619 1,134 37,727 592 12,044 8,626
Other 102,401 27,374 1,990 64,800 2,590 22,596 15,560
Wholesale trade 925,331 361,537 48,886 1,114,759 12,339 108,581 65,038
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts and supplies 338,554 157,211 29,783 280,536 4,465 17,903 11,185
Electrical goods 79,235 26,819 2,803 147,022 1,168 16,464 10,887
Petroleum and petroleum products 139,752 103,139 8,583 269,014 −193 10,747 2,231
Other 367,790 74,368 7,717 418,186 6,899 63,467 40,736
Retail trade 122,977 73,651 9,288 193,519 3,555 48,700 29,321
Food and beverage stores 43,694 39,421 2,945 96,100 2,067 20,138 11,124
Other 79,283 34,230 6,343 97,419 1,488 28,562 18,197
Information 409,608 110,313 14,177 158,067 −3,817 47,269 28,213
Publishing industries 56,313 4,795 404 22,420 599 9,437 6,938
Telecommunications 199,343 86,648 12,221 83,123 −2,486 22,908 8,718
Other 153,952 18,869 1,551 52,523 −1,930 14,924 12,557
Finance and insurance 7,858,991 118,255 28,545 384,800 21,996 89,383 74,461
Depository credit intermediation (banking) 3,832,537 23,778 2,432 91,225 11,547 27,930 18,717
Finance, except depository institutions 1,890,295 65,027 (D) 115,075 4,268 25,307 32,465
Insurance carriers and related activities 2,136,159 29,449 (D) 178,500 6,182 36,146 23,279
Real estate and rental and leasing 204,185 138,212 18,072 30,964 −577 13,763 4,628
Real estate 115,131 93,766 10,885 17,013 −1,167 7,019 2,343
Rental and leasing (except real estate) 89,054 44,446 7,186 13,951 590 6,744 2,286
Professional, scientific, and technical services 235,243 26,394 2,058 136,523 2,491 50,268 42,604
Architectural, engineering, and related services 35,501 7,704 564 19,793 −803 7,512 7,075
Computer systems design and related services 76,482 7,213 672 39,616 120 14,361 12,508
Management, scientific, and technical consulting 48,657 2,760 205 23,741 2,518 12,055 9,604
Other 74,602 8,716 617 53,372 656 16,339 13,417
Other industries 1,039,030 498,693 39,507 354,529 488 147,436 103,211
Mining 234,117 208,762 15,799 57,229 −18,837 24,741 13,254
Utilities 185,204 148,870 9,613 45,841 1,981 17,686 5,345
Construction 65,870 13,819 3,488 61,437 1,844 11,102 9,626
Transportation and warehousing 109,491 68,384 4,625 57,525 −899 20,094 13,534
Administration, support, and waste management 75,114 13,526 1,516 57,315 1,133 37,097 32,674
Health care and social assistance 26,462 6,181 750 16,020 721 9,567 7,378
Accommodation and food services 42,740 23,632 1,957 39,091 254 20,192 16,274
Other 300,031 15,519 1,759 20,071 14,292 6,956 5,126
(*)
Less than $500,000.
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies.
Table 4.2. Selected Data on Activities of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Industry of Affiliate, 2016—Table Ends
  Thousands of employees Millions of dollars
U.S. exports of goods shipped by affiliates U.S. imports of goods shipped to affiliates Research and development performed by affiliates
(8) (9) (10) (11)
All industries 7,088 369,770 649,911 60,140
Manufacturing 2,478 218,360 263,365 43,031
Food 301 19,031 8,568 752
Beverages and tobacco products 52 1,860 3,013 51
Paper 31 1,691 1,226 58
Petroleum and coal products 45 22,298 29,847 (D)
Chemicals 364 42,569 58,177 22,105
Basic chemicals 84 16,599 16,049 746
Pharmaceuticals and medicines 206 17,095 29,319 20,590
Other 75 8,875 12,810 769
Plastics and rubber products 157 7,752 14,361 572
Nonmetallic mineral products 128 1,652 1,309 303
Primary and fabricated metals 168 7,109 9,729 543
Primary metals 83 3,823 4,241 152
Fabricated metal products 85 3,286 5,488 391
Machinery 228 24,459 14,605 2,852
Computers and electronic products 153 14,653 15,803 5,641
Semiconductors and other electronic components 42 4,631 5,241 1,905
Navigational, measuring, and other instruments 68 7,652 6,896 1,804
Other 44 2,369 3,665 1,932
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components 124 8,423 9,225 1,269
Transportation equipment 510 58,047 89,590 7,304
Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts 407 49,955 86,672 6,290
Other 103 8,093 2,918 1,014
Other 217 8,816 7,912 (D)
Wholesale trade 680 139,074 361,095 9,080
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts and supplies 107 24,924 122,426 678
Electrical goods 98 22,188 75,781 2,793
Petroleum and petroleum products 19 40,006 36,189 (D)
Other 456 51,956 126,698 (D)
Retail trade 675 2,295 20,944 26
Food and beverage stores 301 10 (D) 0
Other 374 2,285 (D) 26
Information 317 821 181 1,079
Publishing industries 81 721 128 643
Telecommunications 99 1 6 (D)
Other 137 99 47 (D)
Finance and insurance 421 (D) (*) 69
Depository credit intermediation (banking) 129 0 0 1
Finance, except depository institutions 124 (D) (*) 67
Insurance carriers and related activities 168 0 (*) 1
Real estate and rental and leasing 62 (D) (D) 145
Real estate 37 0 0 (*)
Rental and leasing (except real estate) 25 (D) (D) 145
Professional, scientific, and technical services 394 (D) 355 5,827
Architectural, engineering, and related services 75 (D) 321 232
Computer systems design and related services 111 (D) (D) 1,701
Management, scientific, and technical consulting 84 (D) (*) (D)
Other 125 0 (D) (D)
Other industries 2,061 7,939 (D) 884
Mining 107 6,380 1,893 (D)
Utilities 49 47 534 5
Construction 94 (D) 424 (D)
Transportation and warehousing 289 3 (D) 1
Administration, support, and waste management 783 (D) (D) (D)
Health care and social assistance 113 (D) 0 (D)
Accommodation and food services 511 (D) 2 (*)
Other 114 947 235 183
(*)
Less than $500,000.
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies.
Table 5.1. Selected Data on Activities of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Country of Ultimate Beneficial Owner, 2015—Continues
  Millions of dollars
Total assets Gross property, plant, and equipment Expenditures for property, plant,
and equipment		 Sales Net income Value added Compensation of employees
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
All countries 13,317,999 2,256,436 262,026 3,994,467 76,053 894,029 548,520
Canada 1,829,187 306,868 31,221 303,809 2,718 81,936 46,014
Europe 7,869,659 1,213,497 130,049 2,186,886 57,025 547,979 351,280
Belgium 156,837 27,770 1,707 52,383 1,148 15,749 6,901
Denmark 27,312 7,621 628 25,901 872 5,793 3,699
Finland 55,668 5,275 349 14,122 75 3,400 2,353
France 1,136,783 109,581 7,889 278,043 9,856 79,308 50,488
Germany 1,507,635 273,327 43,294 477,949 14,260 107,949 63,654
Ireland 468,728 42,121 2,983 110,181 7,704 38,888 27,112
Italy 88,637 40,828 3,835 36,685 −359 9,094 4,871
Netherlands 730,307 92,055 9,189 293,241 15,180 57,517 33,968
Spain 372,416 51,433 5,860 49,184 413 7,577 7,586
Sweden 134,072 20,331 2,152 71,192 1,926 18,323 12,796
Switzerland 1,157,388 86,072 7,837 222,052 13,661 73,285 46,204
United Kingdom 1,936,913 381,735 36,877 518,043 −402 122,703 87,059
Other 96,963 75,350 7,448 37,911 −7,311 8,392 4,588
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 474,315 104,623 9,581 288,939 2,536 50,047 30,210
South and Central America 217,027 53,419 4,140 112,651 1,665 21,324 11,433
Brazil 109,454 19,546 1,804 45,941 198 7,311 4,401
Mexico 46,447 17,475 1,185 33,469 1,221 7,341 5,034
Venezuela 20,644 (D) (D) (D) 847 (D) 856
Other 40,482 (D) (D) (D) −602 (D) 1,142
Other Western Hemisphere 257,288 51,205 5,442 176,289 871 28,723 18,777
Bermuda 182,992 27,889 2,930 91,972 1,224 14,373 8,713
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean 1 (D) (D) (D) (D) −372 8,101 5,339
Other (D) (D) (D) (D) 20 6,249 4,725
Africa 9,901 7,987 (D) 6,240 140 1,475 682
South Africa 7,487 (D) (D) 5,840 (D) 1,357 575
Other 2,414 (D) 14 400 (D) 117 107
Middle East 171,549 49,096 4,330 80,178 236 16,802 5,951
Israel 84,177 3,770 333 21,041 −370 4,150 2,262
Saudi Arabia 34,655 27,074 1,652 44,456 1,363 10,428 1,723
United Arab Emirates 38,990 11,474 (D) (D) 243 1,380 971
Other 13,727 6,777 (D) (D) −1,000 844 995
Asia and Pacific 2,764,464 561,409 83,609 1,083,607 9,336 179,798 102,140
Australia 233,315 69,993 6,400 49,933 426 15,880 7,568
China 203,284 31,193 4,118 22,837 −483 6,104 2,857
Hong Kong 43,584 17,045 1,231 27,753 10 4,757 2,907
India 59,368 6,087 650 26,314 471 6,532 4,801
Japan 1,980,216 363,007 64,705 768,873 8,163 124,882 72,875
Korea, Republic of 114,946 49,322 4,614 141,291 770 11,460 4,707
Singapore 59,220 9,488 1,049 18,206 −216 3,492 2,708
Taiwan 38,923 5,122 226 10,445 334 1,873 965
Other 31,609 10,152 615 17,956 −138 4,818 2,751
United States 198,925 12,956 (D) 44,808 4,062 15,991 12,243
Addenda:
European Union (28) 2 6,656,826 1,082,989 (D) 1,943,019 49,808 470,360 302,961
OPEC 3 104,733 52,698 4,166 81,999 2,207 17,177 3,846
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies.
  1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” consists of the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
  2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  3. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Its members are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
Table 5.1. Selected Data on Activities of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Country of Ultimate Beneficial Owner, 2015—Table Ends
  Thousands of employees Millions of dollars
U.S. exports of goods shipped by affiliates U.S. imports of goods shipped to affiliates Research and development performed by affiliates
(8) (9) (10) (11)
All countries 6,823 368,939 693,456 56,731
Canada 641 13,432 18,440 906
Europe 4,341 192,062 310,837 41,242
Belgium 148 2,011 4,232 377
Denmark 40 1,269 11,020 433
Finland 23 1,318 3,251 120
France 738 26,641 34,151 5,355
Germany 682 40,207 95,778 7,269
Ireland 259 8,357 8,418 3,516
Italy 77 1,546 5,894 183
Netherlands 454 39,799 63,458 4,659
Spain 81 879 870 107
Sweden 207 7,139 10,579 670
Switzerland 458 16,867 13,342 10,042
United Kingdom 1,125 43,837 54,701 8,377
Other 51 2,192 5,144 135
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 360 42,630 37,911 1,697
South and Central America 182 9,650 15,191 97
Brazil 79 3,998 2,906 (D)
Mexico 79 1,132 3,424 33
Venezuela 6 (D) (D) 0
Other 18 (D) (D) (D)
Other Western Hemisphere 178 32,980 22,719 1,599
Bermuda 62 (D) 4,226 (D)
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean 1 88 3,006 (D) 783
Other 28 (D) (D) (D)
Africa 7 695 (D) (D)
South Africa 6 695 (D) (D)
Other 2 0 0 1
Middle East 62 2,668 18,894 1,667
Israel 20 607 7,537 863
Saudi Arabia 11 (D) (D) (D)
United Arab Emirates 12 330 (D) (D)
Other 19 (D) 107 6
Asia and Pacific 1,198 113,583 302,440 10,872
Australia 74 3,543 2,870 173
China 46 3,288 4,326 548
Hong Kong 32 780 10,724 (D)
India 56 1,407 3,648 107
Japan 847 87,068 197,620 7,776
Korea, Republic of 52 14,346 74,123 1,067
Singapore 36 1,220 1,171 388
Taiwan 14 857 4,401 121
Other 42 1,073 3,556 (D)
United States 214 3,871 (D) (D)
Addenda:
European Union (28) 2 3,862 173,978 294,882 31,125
OPEC 3 31 5,788 18,392 798
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies.
  1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” consists of the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
  2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  3. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Its members are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
Table 5.2. Selected Data on Activities of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Country of Ultimate Beneficial Owner, 2016—Continues
  Millions of dollars
Total assets Gross property, plant, and equipment Expenditures for property, plant,
and equipment		 Sales Net income Value added Compensation of employees
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
All countries 13,389,403 2,335,532 258,886 4,054,918 85,796 910,599 575,678
Canada 1,859,615 320,134 29,717 319,230 5,006 80,846 49,090
Europe 7,710,940 1,255,579 129,918 2,232,902 73,307 562,630 367,452
Belgium 151,167 28,229 1,538 52,291 1,738 16,112 7,187
Denmark 27,903 7,615 631 25,613 867 5,821 3,819
Finland 59,177 5,091 320 14,602 −58 3,589 2,609
France 1,054,209 107,523 7,950 278,707 12,018 80,823 52,084
Germany 1,382,697 270,178 42,686 470,783 17,539 104,805 65,210
Ireland 472,398 42,234 2,842 109,463 7,613 38,815 27,256
Italy 91,054 40,489 3,508 36,381 −81 9,217 5,091
Netherlands 730,913 95,138 9,128 323,110 14,553 56,194 35,071
Spain 379,293 53,208 3,605 49,387 1,707 7,444 8,001
Sweden 126,539 21,031 2,123 70,286 1,588 18,411 13,293
Switzerland 1,176,920 89,707 8,753 232,511 13,016 73,942 47,941
United Kingdom 1,966,875 417,026 39,674 533,544 5,514 138,801 95,401
Other 91,795 78,110 7,159 36,223 −2,707 8,656 4,486
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 476,341 95,608 8,748 285,337 1,384 45,204 30,682
South and Central America 196,427 53,571 3,861 107,759 893 19,575 12,045
Brazil 92,280 19,851 1,295 44,180 30 6,969 4,621
Mexico 47,066 17,135 1,169 33,967 1,430 7,600 5,210
Venezuela 21,412 (D) (D) (D) 51 (D) 889
Other 35,667 (D) (D) (D) −618 (D) 1,325
Other Western Hemisphere 279,915 42,037 4,887 177,577 492 25,629 18,637
Bermuda 202,249 16,827 2,165 92,526 989 11,373 8,449
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean 1 (D) (D) (D) (D) −292 8,464 5,612
Other (D) (D) (D) (D) −206 5,791 4,576
Africa 12,808 6,828 (D) 6,003 202 1,464 713
South Africa 6,988 (D) (D) 5,644 117 1,240 515
Other 5,819 (D) 17 359 84 225 198
Middle East 205,861 50,164 4,602 79,076 1,304 16,780 5,451
Israel 119,354 4,396 312 21,312 116 5,207 2,545
Saudi Arabia 34,435 27,801 1,922 43,382 536 (D) 937
United Arab Emirates 39,002 11,145 (D) (D) 639 1,748 1,001
Other 13,069 6,822 (D) (D) 13 (D) 968
Asia and Pacific 2,934,376 593,828 82,938 1,088,053 2,185 188,682 109,788
Australia 238,442 70,479 4,256 45,758 −8,450 11,448 7,464
China 215,719 36,414 4,323 34,493 −457 9,170 5,013
Hong Kong 45,538 17,624 1,367 26,967 −168 4,470 2,986
India 58,815 6,433 634 27,861 532 7,459 5,921
Japan 2,110,496 382,584 66,153 765,925 9,659 134,525 76,573
Korea, Republic of 120,665 51,441 3,829 139,439 1,296 11,227 4,933
Singapore 71,446 12,778 1,265 18,121 −339 3,444 2,874
Taiwan 40,411 5,345 246 10,509 163 1,788 1,075
Other 32,845 10,731 865 18,981 −52 5,150 2,948
United States 189,463 13,392 (D) 44,319 2,407 14,992 12,504
Addenda:
European Union (28) 2 6,483,337 1,120,785 117,230 1,980,801 62,432 484,426 317,558
OPEC 3 107,892 53,939 4,735 76,250 1,324 13,772 3,091
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies.
  1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” consists of the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
  2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  3. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Its members are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
Table 5.2. Selected Data on Activities of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Country of Ultimate Beneficial Owner, 2016—Table Ends
  Thousands of employees Millions of dollars
U.S. exports of goods shipped by affiliates U.S. imports of goods shipped to affiliates Research and development performed by affiliates
(8) (9) (10) (11)
All countries 7,088 369,770 649,911 60,140
Canada 679 14,479 18,305 1,037
Europe 4,495 191,789 286,527 43,775
Belgium 145 2,109 4,043 377
Denmark 39 1,326 10,416 442
Finland 23 1,327 3,118 126
France 729 26,079 31,656 5,638
Germany 692 40,099 87,871 7,769
Ireland 263 8,376 8,078 3,653
Italy 78 1,555 5,574 200
Netherlands 475 37,424 47,473 5,157
Spain 80 845 1,029 107
Sweden 212 7,320 9,877 700
Switzerland 471 16,992 12,869 10,565
United Kingdom 1,238 46,507 59,701 8,918
Other 50 1,831 4,821 122
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 358 42,572 33,830 1,647
South and Central America 180 9,366 12,003 81
Brazil 78 3,900 2,478 26
Mexico 79 1,085 3,322 (D)
Venezuela 6 (D) (D) 0
Other 17 (D) (D) (D)
Other Western Hemisphere 178 33,206 21,828 1,566
Bermuda 57 (D) 3,887 (D)
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean 1 94 3,349 (D) 793
Other 28 (D) (D) (D)
Africa 8 (D) (D) 11
South Africa 4 (D) (D) (D)
Other 3 (D) 3 (D)
Middle East 62 2,814 15,660 1,962
Israel 24 673 5,911 (D)
Saudi Arabia 7 1,744 (D) (D)
United Arab Emirates 12 (D) (D) (D)
Other 20 (D) 143 10
Asia and Pacific 1,267 114,034 290,747 11,373
Australia 74 3,051 2,882 180
China 80 4,699 7,020 598
Hong Kong 32 832 10,345 (D)
India 67 1,359 2,910 193
Japan 861 86,647 189,794 8,049
Korea, Republic of 52 14,175 69,195 1,121
Singapore 43 1,265 1,142 406
Taiwan 14 967 4,226 115
Other 44 1,039 3,233 (D)
United States 219 (D) (D) 335
Addenda:
European Union (28) 2 4,005 173,983 271,163 33,145
OPEC 3 27 5,552 13,710 802
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies.
  1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” consists of the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
  2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  3. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Its members are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

 

  1. The UBO is the entity proceeding up a U.S. affiliate’s ownership chain, beginning with the foreign parent, which is not owned more than 50 percent by another entity. The UBO is the entity that ultimately owns or controls and thus ultimately derives the benefits and assumes the risks from owning or controlling an affiliate.
  2. For an analysis of services supplied by majority-owned U.S. affiliates, see Shari A. Allen and Alexis N. Grimm, “U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2016 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2015,” Survey of Current Business 97 (October 2017). For information on newly acquired or established affiliates, see Thomas Anderson, “New Foreign Direct Investment in the United States in 2016,” Survey 97 (August 2017).
  3. Value added can be measured as gross output (sales or receipts and other operating income plus inventory change) minus intermediate inputs (purchased goods and services). Alternatively, it can be measured as the sum of the costs incurred (except for intermediate inputs) and the profits earned in production. The estimates of value added for U.S. affiliates were prepared by summing cost and profit data. The estimates are measures of gross value added rather than measures of net value added because they are calculated without deducting the consumption of fixed capital used in production.
  4. Each U.S. affiliate is classified in the industry that accounts for the largest portion of its sales. However, many large affiliates are involved in a variety of business activities. For example, the wholesale trade industry includes many affiliates that have substantial activities in manufacturing.
  5. These price changes are based on chain-type price indexes for value added by industry from BEA.
  6. The affiliate shares of U.S. exports and imports of goods are computed using data from the U.S. Census Bureau and are on a Census Bureau basis, which is the basis used in BEA AMNE surveys.
  7. The foreign parent group of a U.S. affiliate consists of (1) the foreign parent; (2) any foreign person (including a company), proceeding up the foreign parent’s ownership chain, which owns more than 50 percent of the person below it, up to and including the UBO; and (3) any foreign person, proceeding down the ownership chain(s) of each of these members, which is owned more than 50 percent by the person above it.
  8. Data on R&D performed by all U.S. businesses is from the National Science Foundation Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS).
  9. For additional information on R&D expenditures by U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs, see William J. Zeile, “State-Level R&D by Multinational Companies: Results From an Interagency Data Link Project,” Survey 93 (September 2013) and Francisco Moris and William J. Zeile, “Innovation-Related Services Trade by Multinational Enterprises: Results From an Interagency Data Link Project,” Survey 96 (May 2016).