U.S. Travel and Tourism Satellite Account for 2017–2021
The travel and tourism industry—as measured by the real output of goods and services sold directly to visitors—increased 64.4 percent in 2021 after decreasing 50.7 percent in 2020, according to the most recent statistics from the Travel and Tourism Satellite Account (TTSA) of the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).1 By comparison, the broader economy, as measured by real gross domestic product (GDP), increased 5.9 percent in 2021 after decreasing 2.8 percent in 2020. Revised statistics on travel and tourism reflect the incorporation of the annual update of the National Economic Accounts, which was released on September 29, 2022.2
Highlights from the TTSA include the following:
- As the industry entered the recovery period of the COVID–19 pandemic, travel and tourism's share of GDP increased from 1.54 percent in 2020 to 2.15 percent in 2021 (table A).
- The travel and tourism industry's real output increased $362.0 billion in 2021 but has not fully recovered from the pandemic. Travel and tourism’s real output for 2021 was 81.1 percent of its 2019 level (table B).
- The increase in 2021 is the largest expansion in real output since BEA began measuring these statistics in 1998.
- In 2021, real output increased for 21 of 24 commodities. The largest contributors to the increase were food and beverage services and shopping.
- Prices for travel and tourism goods and services increased 7.7 percent in 2021 after decreasing 5.0 percent in 2020. The largest contributors to the increase were gasoline, traveler accommodations, and automotive rental and leasing (table C).
- The TTSA is available on the BEA website; see the box “Data Availability.”
The remainder of this article includes a discussion of trends in travel and tourism output, prices, value added, and employment.
| Year | Billions of dollars | Percent | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product (GDP) | Tourism value added | Tourism value added as a share of GDP | |
| 2017 | 19,477 | 565 | 2.90 |
| 2018 | 20,533 | 595 | 2.90 |
| 2019 | 21,381 | 640 | 2.99 |
| 2020 | 20,061 | 308 | 1.54 |
| 2021 | 23,315 | 502 | 2.15 |
Real output
Travel and tourism real output increased 64.4 percent in 2021. The largest contributors were food and beverage services, shopping, domestic passenger air transportation services, and traveler accommodations (table B and chart 1).
The upturn in real output (from a decrease of 50.7 percent in 2020 to an increase 64.4 percent in 2021) was led by upturns in food and beverage services, shopping, domestic passenger air transportation service, and traveler accommodations.
| Commodity | Annual growth rates (percent change from preceding period) | Contributions (percentage points) | Real Output (millions of chained (2012) dollars) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| All tourism goods and services | 4.2 | 5.2 | 3.8 | −50.7 | 64.4 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 3.8 | −50.7 | 64.4 | 1,043,774 | 1,097,743 | 1,139,150 | 562,170 | 924,175 |
| Traveler accommodations | 3.9 | 4.0 | 0.1 | −35.6 | 31.9 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.02 | −6.79 | 7.86 | 187,976 | 195,579 | 195,741 | 125,992 | 166,242 |
| Food and beverage services | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.1 | −55.2 | 110.4 | 0.43 | 0.69 | 0.85 | −8.32 | 15.60 | 128,891 | 135,312 | 143,571 | 64,281 | 135,244 |
| Transportation | 6.3 | 7.2 | 5.4 | −51.5 | 54.0 | 2.65 | 3.12 | 2.40 | −22.56 | 23.05 | 497,857 | 533,719 | 562,626 | 272,851 | 420,106 |
| Passenger air transportation | 4.6 | 4.5 | 6.1 | −55.2 | 64.8 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 1.17 | −10.67 | 10.63 | 207,277 | 216,643 | 229,805 | 102,902 | 169,616 |
| Domestic passenger air transportation services | 4.4 | 6.3 | 5.4 | −53.2 | 63.4 | 0.64 | 0.91 | 0.78 | −7.74 | 8.17 | 153,474 | 163,211 | 171,955 | 80,484 | 131,550 |
| International passenger air transportation services | 5.4 | −0.8 | 8.3 | −61.4 | 69.9 | 0.26 | −0.04 | 0.39 | −2.93 | 2.46 | 53,836 | 53,394 | 57,841 | 22,323 | 37,929 |
| All other transportation-related commodities | 7.8 | 9.4 | 4.9 | −48.6 | 47.2 | 1.75 | 2.25 | 1.23 | −11.90 | 12.43 | 292,955 | 320,360 | 336,096 | 172,846 | 254,481 |
| Passenger rail transportation services | 1.6 | −2.7 | 9.1 | −75.3 | 55.1 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.15 | 0.06 | 2,225 | 2,166 | 2,364 | 583 | 904 |
| Passenger water transportation services | 2.0 | 13.3 | 8.0 | −63.0 | −19.7 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.12 | −1.00 | −0.23 | 14,680 | 16,626 | 17,951 | 6,635 | 5,325 |
| Intercity bus services | 6.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | −34.2 | 5.8 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.04 | 0.01 | 1,455 | 1,464 | 1,473 | 969 | 1,025 |
| Intercity charter bus services | 4.0 | 4.3 | 7.9 | −48.2 | 40.3 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.12 | 0.10 | 2,444 | 2,550 | 2,751 | 1,425 | 1,999 |
| Local bus and other transportation services | 25.5 | 38.1 | 10.2 | −75.8 | 228.1 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.09 | −0.75 | 1.09 | 6,580 | 9,087 | 10,013 | 2,420 | 7,939 |
| Taxicab services | 67.1 | −14.4 | −8.2 | −58.5 | 70.0 | 0.30 | −0.10 | −0.05 | −0.30 | 0.30 | 6,751 | 5,777 | 5,304 | 2,203 | 3,745 |
| Scenic and sightseeing transportation services | 1.2 | 1.7 | −0.5 | −55.1 | 83.8 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.18 | 0.25 | 3,223 | 3,279 | 3,262 | 1,465 | 2,693 |
| Automotive rental and leasing | 3.7 | 12.6 | 18.2 | −31.5 | 20.4 | 0.11 | 0.39 | 0.59 | −1.15 | 1.12 | 34,940 | 39,351 | 46,528 | 31,855 | 38,361 |
| Other vehicle rental and leasing | 6.8 | 7.3 | 0.7 | −13.2 | −15.9 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.02 | 671 | 720 | 725 | 629 | 529 |
| Automotive repair services | 5.8 | 1.0 | 1.9 | −9.4 | −26.6 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.11 | −0.58 | 11,345 | 11,460 | 11,682 | 10,581 | 7,764 |
| Parking | 3.3 | 1.2 | 3.3 | −51.9 | 113.4 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.13 | 0.28 | 2,347 | 2,375 | 2,453 | 1,181 | 2,520 |
| Highway tolls | −36.8 | 24.6 | 14.1 | −57.0 | 116.1 | −0.07 | 0.03 | 0.02 | −0.09 | 0.17 | 1,118 | 1,393 | 1,589 | 684 | 1,478 |
| Travel arrangement and reservation services | 13.3 | 10.3 | 4.9 | −43.6 | 93.1 | 0.61 | 0.50 | 0.25 | −2.21 | 5.14 | 50,856 | 56,104 | 58,875 | 33,184 | 64,074 |
| Gasoline | 5.3 | 8.8 | 1.2 | −55.7 | 49.1 | 0.51 | 0.94 | 0.14 | −5.65 | 4.73 | 155,217 | 168,921 | 170,972 | 75,738 | 112,908 |
| Recreation, entertainment, and shopping | 1.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | −58.8 | 96.5 | 0.30 | 0.54 | 0.50 | −12.97 | 17.88 | 210,153 | 215,199 | 220,154 | 90,696 | 178,174 |
| Recreation and entertainment | 3.6 | −0.8 | 0.8 | −60.1 | 53.7 | 0.37 | −0.09 | 0.08 | −5.86 | 4.28 | 92,778 | 92,003 | 92,719 | 37,026 | 56,920 |
| Motion pictures and performing arts | −0.8 | −3.2 | 18.3 | −32.0 | 14.7 | −0.01 | −0.05 | 0.27 | −0.56 | 0.36 | 15,074 | 14,593 | 17,268 | 11,741 | 13,465 |
| Spectator sports | 3.4 | 9.5 | 1.6 | −49.9 | 44.9 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.01 | −0.26 | 0.24 | 4,375 | 4,791 | 4,867 | 2,436 | 3,529 |
| Participant sports | 13.9 | 0.9 | 11.8 | −58.0 | 62.1 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.18 | −0.98 | 0.89 | 15,118 | 15,252 | 17,045 | 7,163 | 11,608 |
| Gambling | 2.0 | 1.8 | −0.1 | −70.6 | 40.2 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.00 | −3.50 | 1.21 | 50,410 | 51,310 | 51,264 | 15,056 | 21,115 |
| All other recreation and entertainment | 4.2 | −12.5 | −30.5 | −66.5 | 279.9 | 0.06 | −0.19 | −0.38 | −0.56 | 1.59 | 14,870 | 13,009 | 9,036 | 3,025 | 11,493 |
| Shopping | −0.6 | 5.1 | 3.5 | −57.8 | 128.6 | −0.07 | 0.63 | 0.43 | −7.11 | 13.61 | 132,713 | 139,492 | 144,399 | 60,932 | 139,271 |
Prices
Travel and tourism prices turned up in 2021, increasing 7.7 percent after decreasing 5.0 percent in 2020, with prices of 21 of 24 commodities contributing to the increase (table C and chart 2). The upturn was led by upturns in gasoline, traveler accommodations, and automotive rental and leasing and a smaller decrease in domestic passenger air transportation.
| Commodity | Annual growth rates (percent change from preceding period) | Contributions (percentage points) | Price Indexes (index number, 2012=100) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| All tourism goods and services | 2.4 | 3.1 | 1.4 | −5.0 | 7.7 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 1.4 | −5.0 | 7.7 | 100.0 | 103.0 | 104.5 | 99.3 | 106.9 |
| Traveler accommodations | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.9 | −7.1 | 8.1 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.55 | −1.58 | 1.80 | 113.0 | 114.1 | 117.3 | 109.0 | 117.8 |
| Food and beverage services | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.94 | 113.0 | 115.9 | 119.5 | 124.0 | 131.1 |
| Transportation | 3.4 | 4.7 | 0.5 | −8.9 | 10.0 | 1.44 | 2.05 | 0.24 | −3.94 | 4.11 | 90.0 | 94.3 | 94.8 | 86.3 | 95.0 |
| Passenger air transportation | 0.8 | 2.5 | 2.6 | −9.1 | −1.4 | 0.15 | 0.49 | 0.51 | −1.71 | −0.25 | 97.2 | 99.7 | 102.3 | 93.0 | 91.6 |
| Domestic passenger air transportation services | 0.9 | 1.8 | 3.4 | −9.8 | −1.1 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.49 | −1.42 | −0.15 | 98.2 | 100.0 | 103.3 | 93.3 | 92.2 |
| International passenger air transportation services | 0.3 | 4.7 | 0.3 | −6.8 | −2.6 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.01 | −0.29 | −0.10 | 94.3 | 98.8 | 99.1 | 92.4 | 90.0 |
| All other transportation-related commodities | 5.7 | 6.5 | −1.1 | −8.8 | 18.3 | 1.29 | 1.56 | −0.27 | −2.23 | 4.36 | 84.2 | 89.6 | 88.7 | 80.9 | 95.7 |
| Passenger rail transportation services | 3.3 | 1.6 | −5.0 | 2.1 | 6.7 | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 103.5 | 105.2 | 99.9 | 102.0 | 108.8 |
| Passenger water transportation services | 0.9 | 0.3 | −0.6 | −4.0 | 6.4 | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.06 | 0.06 | 104.9 | 105.3 | 104.6 | 100.4 | 106.8 |
| Intercity bus services | 0.8 | 0.3 | −0.6 | −4.2 | 6.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 105.0 | 105.3 | 104.6 | 100.2 | 106.8 |
| Intercity charter bus services | 0.8 | 0.3 | −0.7 | −3.7 | 6.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 104.9 | 105.3 | 104.6 | 100.7 | 106.8 |
| Local bus and other transportation services | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.1 | −1.5 | 2.0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 111.6 | 113.5 | 114.8 | 113.1 | 115.3 |
| Taxicab services | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.1 | −1.8 | 2.3 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 111.6 | 113.5 | 114.8 | 112.7 | 115.2 |
| Scenic and sightseeing transportation services | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 110.6 | 113.2 | 115.8 | 117.5 | 119.3 |
| Automotive rental and leasing | 0.4 | 2.2 | −0.5 | −6.1 | 29.3 | 0.01 | 0.07 | −0.02 | −0.26 | 1.27 | 91.9 | 94.0 | 93.5 | 87.8 | 113.6 |
| Other vehicle rental and leasing | −2.2 | −1.0 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 48.4 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 103.4 | 102.3 | 102.9 | 103.7 | 153.9 |
| Automotive repair services | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 108.5 | 110.5 | 114.2 | 117.8 | 122.6 |
| Parking | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 114.6 | 117.2 | 120.4 | 121.3 | 125.6 |
| Highway tolls | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 114.6 | 117.2 | 120.5 | 121.3 | 125.6 |
| Travel arrangement and reservation services | −0.2 | 0.5 | 2.1 | −7.4 | 0.4 | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.11 | −0.41 | 0.03 | 101.3 | 101.9 | 104.0 | 96.3 | 96.7 |
| Gasoline | 13.1 | 13.5 | −3.6 | −15.1 | 34.5 | 1.20 | 1.39 | −0.41 | −1.53 | 2.82 | 68.2 | 77.3 | 74.6 | 63.3 | 85.2 |
| Recreation, entertainment, and shopping | 1.9 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.80 | 102.0 | 104.1 | 104.9 | 105.1 | 109.1 |
| Recreation and entertainment | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 108.3 | 110.6 | 112.7 | 114.2 | 117.4 |
| Motion pictures and performing arts | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 111.8 | 114.2 | 116.3 | 117.9 | 122.4 |
| Spectator sports | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 3.3 | −3.0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02 | 119.6 | 121.7 | 124.2 | 128.2 | 124.4 |
| Participant sports | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 107.8 | 110.9 | 113.8 | 115.4 | 116.4 |
| Gambling | 2.1 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 4.6 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 106.8 | 109.4 | 111.4 | 112.9 | 118.1 |
| All other recreation and entertainment | 2.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 | −0.3 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 106.6 | 107.2 | 108.2 | 107.9 | 109.3 |
| Shopping | 1.6 | 1.9 | −0.1 | −0.7 | 4.5 | 0.21 | 0.24 | −0.01 | −0.07 | 0.58 | 97.5 | 99.3 | 99.2 | 98.6 | 103.0 |
Total output
Total tourism-related current-dollar, or nominal, output increased to $1.70 trillion in 2021, up from $952.0 billion in 2020. In 2021, total output consisted of $987.7 billion in direct tourism output and $716.3 billion in indirect tourism output. The 1.73 ratio of total output to direct output in 2021 means that every dollar of direct tourism output requires an additional 73 cents of indirect tourism output (chart 3).
Direct tourism output includes goods and services sold directly to visitors, such as passenger air travel. Indirect tourism output includes sales of all goods and services used to produce that direct output, such as jet fuel to fly the plane and catering services for longer flights.
Value added
A sector's value added measures its share of gross domestic product. The travel and tourism industry's share of GDP was 2.15 percent in 2021, 1.54 percent in 2020, and 2.99 in 2019 (table A). This pattern indicates that travel and tourism industries contracted and expanded disproportionately to non-travel and tourism industries during the COVID–19 pandemic.
Direct employment
Direct tourism employment refers to jobs that are directly related to visitor spending on goods and services. Airline pilots, hotel clerks, and travel agents are examples of such employees. Overall, direct employment increased by 1.3 million jobs in 2021 after decreasing by 2.9 million jobs in 2020. The largest contributors to the 2021 increase were food services and drinking places, which gained 730,000 jobs in 2021; shopping, which gained 206,000 jobs; and participant sports, which gained 86,000 jobs (chart 4 and table D).
| Industry | Annual growth rates (percent change from preceding period) | Contributions (percentage points) | Direct employment (thousands) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| All tourism industries | 2.8 | 2.5 | 4.8 | −45.7 | 38.7 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 4.8 | −45.7 | 38.7 | 5,945 | 6,091 | 6,386 | 3,466 | 4,807 |
| Traveler accommodations | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | −36.4 | 8.2 | 0.54 | 0.44 | 0.58 | −8.96 | 2.38 | 1,512 | 1,538 | 1,573 | 1,001 | 1,083 |
| Vacation home rentals | 2.4 | −1.1 | 0.9 | −4.5 | −7.4 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.03 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 14 |
| Food services and drinking places | 2.6 | 3.5 | 5.6 | −54.8 | 83.2 | 0.78 | 1.05 | 1.69 | −16.64 | 21.06 | 1,774 | 1,836 | 1,939 | 877 | 1,607 |
| Transportation | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.1 | −35.8 | 11.4 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.98 | −8.44 | 3.17 | 1,390 | 1,447 | 1,507 | 968 | 1,077 |
| Air transportation services | 6.3 | 2.6 | 3.8 | −27.1 | 5.2 | 0.59 | 0.26 | 0.37 | −2.62 | 0.68 | 579 | 595 | 617 | 450 | 474 |
| All other transportation-related industries | 3.1 | 5.1 | 4.3 | −41.8 | 16.7 | 0.42 | 0.70 | 0.61 | −5.83 | 2.49 | 811 | 852 | 889 | 517 | 604 |
| Rail transportation services | −2.3 | −3.8 | 5.0 | −68.7 | 55.3 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.10 | 0.05 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 4 |
| Water transportation services | −1.5 | 6.4 | 9.0 | −58.8 | −26.4 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.06 | −0.39 | −0.13 | 36 | 38 | 42 | 17 | 13 |
| Interurban bus transportation | 3.1 | −1.0 | 0.9 | −27.1 | −2.5 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.08 | −0.01 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 13 |
| Interurban charter bus transportation | 1.3 | 2.0 | −1.1 | −46.6 | 16.1 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.15 | 0.05 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 11 | 12 |
| Urban transit systems and other transportation | 17.3 | 25.2 | 8.5 | −71.0 | 148.0 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.12 | −1.06 | 1.18 | 70 | 88 | 96 | 28 | 69 |
| Taxi service | 38.8 | −36.6 | 0.3 | −46.9 | 47.7 | 0.05 | −0.07 | 0.00 | −0.05 | 0.05 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 5 |
| Scenic and sightseeing transportation services | 1.7 | 1.2 | 2.6 | −45.0 | 23.1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.23 | 0.12 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 18 | 22 |
| Automotive equipment rental and leasing | 3.5 | 10.7 | 13.2 | −38.2 | 17.8 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.25 | −0.77 | 0.41 | 102 | 113 | 128 | 79 | 93 |
| Automotive repair services | 1.0 | 0.5 | −0.5 | −4.0 | −28.4 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.01 | −0.05 | −0.57 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 70 | 50 |
| Parking lots and garages | 0.6 | 3.2 | 7.2 | −55.1 | 60.3 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | −0.34 | 0.31 | 36 | 37 | 40 | 18 | 29 |
| Toll highways | −34.4 | 28.9 | 13.8 | −66.6 | 153.2 | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | −0.10 | 0.14 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 8 |
| Travel arrangement and reservation services | 0.7 | −0.1 | −0.5 | −27.9 | −9.0 | 0.03 | 0.00 | −0.02 | −0.89 | −0.38 | 204 | 204 | 203 | 146 | 133 |
| Petroleum refineries | 4.0 | 2.4 | 4.5 | −50.1 | 25.7 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.04 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 6 |
| Gasoline service stations | 4.3 | 5.9 | 3.6 | −49.3 | 42.3 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.12 | −1.56 | 1.25 | 184 | 195 | 202 | 102 | 146 |
| Recreation, entertainment, and shopping | 3.0 | −0.2 | 7.4 | −55.0 | 68.7 | 0.52 | −0.03 | 1.25 | −9.50 | 9.83 | 1,028 | 1,026 | 1,103 | 496 | 837 |
| Recreation and entertainment | 7.0 | −1.5 | 1.0 | −56.3 | 54.8 | 0.64 | −0.15 | 0.10 | −4.95 | 3.88 | 564 | 555 | 561 | 245 | 379 |
| Motion pictures and performing arts | −2.4 | −9.3 | 0.1 | −50.6 | 33.8 | −0.02 | −0.08 | 0.00 | −0.36 | 0.22 | 50 | 46 | 46 | 23 | 30 |
| Spectator sports | 2.9 | 3.2 | 8.5 | −37.2 | 18.0 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.06 | −0.27 | 0.15 | 41 | 42 | 46 | 29 | 34 |
| Participant sports | 12.8 | 1.5 | 10.8 | −52.9 | 60.2 | 0.53 | 0.07 | 0.48 | −2.50 | 2.48 | 269 | 273 | 303 | 143 | 229 |
| Gambling | 5.6 | −0.8 | −8.7 | −70.1 | 23.9 | 0.12 | −0.02 | −0.19 | −1.32 | 0.25 | 133 | 132 | 121 | 36 | 45 |
| All other recreation and entertainment | −0.6 | −11.6 | −25.2 | −67.6 | 178.4 | −0.01 | −0.14 | −0.26 | −0.49 | 0.78 | 71 | 62 | 47 | 15 | 42 |
| Shopping | −1.5 | 1.5 | 15.0 | −53.7 | 82.3 | −0.13 | 0.12 | 1.16 | −4.55 | 5.96 | 464 | 471 | 541 | 251 | 457 |
| Industries producing nondurable personal consumption expenditures commodities excluding petroleum refineries | −2.4 | 1.9 | 20.0 | −57.4 | 107.2 | −0.05 | 0.04 | 0.39 | −1.27 | 1.86 | 116 | 118 | 141 | 60 | 125 |
| Retail trade services excluding gasoline service stations | −1.2 | 1.3 | 13.3 | −52.4 | 74.5 | −0.08 | 0.08 | 0.77 | −3.28 | 4.10 | 348 | 353 | 400 | 191 | 333 |
| All other industries | −0.3 | 1.4 | 8.8 | −55.8 | 72.3 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.08 | −0.70 | 0.81 | 225 | 228 | 248 | 110 | 189 |
| All other industries excluding wholesale trade and transportation services | 0.6 | −1.6 | 6.7 | −56.0 | 80.3 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.08 | −0.70 | 0.81 | 76 | 75 | 80 | 35 | 63 |
| Wholesale trade and transportation services | −0.7 | 2.9 | 9.8 | −55.7 | 68.5 | −0.02 | 0.07 | 0.25 | −1.47 | 1.47 | 149 | 153 | 168 | 75 | 126 |
Total employment
Total tourism-related employment (the sum of direct and indirect jobs) increased to 7.4 million jobs in 2021 from 5.5 million jobs in 2020. The 7.4 million jobs consisted of 4.8 million direct tourism jobs and 2.6 million indirect tourism jobs (chart 5). While direct tourism employment includes jobs that produce direct tourism output, such as airline pilots, indirect tourism employment is generated by the businesses that supply goods and services to the tourism sector, such as refinery workers producing jet fuel. Data for 2021 indicate that for every 100 jobs supported directly by the travel and tourism industry, an additional 53 indirect tourism jobs are also required.
Footnotes
- All measures of travel and tourism activity not identified as being in “real,” inflation-adjusted terms are current-dollar, or nominal, estimates.
- For more information see “The 2022 Annual Update of the National Economic Accounts,” Survey of Current Business 102 (November 2022).
