June 2021 Articles

Territorial Economic Accounts for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands

New Estimates of GDP for 2019, New Estimates of GDP by Industry and Compensation by Industry for 2018, Revised Estimates for 2002–2018

By Christina D. Hovland-Battikha, Amy K. Filipek, and Michelle S. Grier | Volume 101, Number 6 | June 17, 2021

In collaboration with the U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) and with staff from the territorial governments, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) produces annual economic accounts for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). The OIA provides funding for the work and facilitates interactions between BEA and the territorial governments.¹

The purpose of this ongoing project is to provide data users with comprehensive, objective measures of economic activity for these four U.S. territories. For the United States, BEA produces gross domestic product (GDP) and other related economic measures as part of its National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs); however, these estimates cover only the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Transactions with the territories are classified as transactions with the “rest of the world.”

Consistent measures of economic activity are critical for understanding the territorial economies and how they have developed over time. Without such measures, it is difficult for businesses and governments to make informed economic and financial planning decisions and for policymakers to assess the impacts of their decisions on growth. A primary challenge associated with producing these statistics is the lack of coverage of these four territories by most of the major surveys used by BEA to produce estimates of U.S. GDP and related economic measures.² As described in the methodology appendix to this article, the work thus relies heavily on the provision of data from the territorial governments.

Between December 2020 and May 2021, BEA released new estimates of GDP for 2019 and revised estimates for 2002–2018.³ Real GDP growth rates for each territory are shown in chart 1.

Chart 1. Percent Change from Preceding Year in Real GDP, 2003–2019

[Click chart to expand]

These estimates reflect the results of a comprehensive, or benchmark, update to the territorial economic accounts. Comprehensive updates provide an opportunity to incorporate major improvements in how BEA measures the economies of the territories. This benchmark update incorporated improvements to source data and methods, including information from the following:

The Census Bureau's 2017 Economic Census of Island Areas, which provides the most thorough and detailed information on the structure of the territorial economies,
Newly available or revised source data provided by the territorial governments, and
Results from BEA's latest comprehensive and annual revisions to the U.S. national accounts.

Although the levels of GDP have been revised, the year-to-year patterns of inflation-adjusted growth are similar to the previously published estimates for all four territories (tables A.1.6, B.1.6, C.1.6, and D.1.6).

Highlights of the latest GDP estimates for each territory are described below.

American Samoa

Real GDP decreased 1.4 percent in 2019 (table A.1.3).

The decline in the American Samoa economy reflected decreases in government spending, exports, and private fixed investment (table A.1.4).⁴
Government spending decreased, primarily reflecting a decline in territorial government spending following the 2018 completion of a multimillion-dollar telecommunications construction project.
Exports of canned tuna and related products decreased in 2019, reflecting a decline in output of the tuna canning industry.
Private fixed investment declined sharply. This reflected decreases in construction activity and purchases of equipment following the completion in the prior year of reconstruction activities associated with Tropical Cyclone Gita.

Table A.1.1. Gross Domestic Product, American Samoa
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	512	524	509	500	493	518	560	675	573	570	640	638	643	673	671	612	641	638
Personal consumption expenditures	312	332	357	367	375	384	407	398	401	411	420	446	463	460	463	471	487	506
Goods	155	167	185	189	191	195	206	195	194	184	183	207	217	214	209	208	214	214
Durable goods	20	21	26	24	24	23	27	24	25	23	23	25	34	32	30	26	27	28
Nondurable goods	135	145	159	165	167	171	179	171	169	161	160	181	183	182	179	182	187	186
Services	156	164	172	180	186	190	203	208	213	232	246	247	256	256	264	270	278	296
Net foreign travel	1	1	−1	−3	−1	−1	−3	−5	−6	−5	−9	−8	−10	−10	−9	−7	−5	−4
Private fixed investment	23	25	29	35	40	41	47	39	50	52	54	66	72	56	53	54	56	44
Change in private inventories	5	9	8	−6	−3	−8	−17	−6	−5	−3	0	6	32	23	46	38	−11	−5
Net exports of goods and services	−44	−62	−111	−119	−143	−120	−118	−29	−177	−228	−163	−193	−266	−237	−210	−264	−225	−219
Exports	518	513	460	498	495	505	641	530	364	335	483	458	429	428	429	362	437	404
Goods	502	495	440	479	477	487	621	510	341	313	457	435	402	401	401	336	410	378
Services	16	18	20	19	18	17	20	20	22	22	26	24	27	27	27	26	27	26
Imports	562	574	570	618	638	625	758	559	541	563	646	651	695	665	639	626	662	623
Goods	511	517	513	564	582	571	698	508	489	509	588	591	625	596	571	552	573	554
Services	51	58	57	53	56	54	61	52	52	53	57	60	70	69	68	74	89	68
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	216	221	227	224	224	220	241	275	303	337	329	313	343	371	320	313	334	311
Federal	10	20	26	23	19	17	20	30	22	23	22	21	24	26	26	25	25	23
Territorial	206	201	201	201	205	203	220	245	281	314	306	292	319	345	294	288	310	288

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table A.1.2. Real Gross Domestic Product, Chained Dollars, American Samoa
[Millions of chained (2012) dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product (GDP)	725	732	735	732	702	715	696	667	669	669	640	624	635	655	644	599	619	610
Personal consumption expenditures	494	506	528	521	512	503	489	474	454	431	420	440	451	458	463	460	465	478
Goods	235	245	263	258	252	249	243	224	212	190	183	204	213	211	207	202	203	202
Durable goods	31	33	38	34	32	31	32	28	28	24	23	25	33	31	29	25	27	27
Nondurable goods	203	212	225	224	220	218	211	196	184	166	160	179	180	180	178	176	176	175
Services	258	260	264	266	261	254	249	255	248	246	246	243	248	255	263	263	265	278
Net foreign travel	0	−1	−2	−5	−3	−2	−4	−6	−7	−5	−9	−7	−10	−9	−8	−5	−3	−2
Private fixed investment	27	29	32	36	41	42	48	40	52	55	54	63	67	51	48	48	48	37
Change in private inventories	7	12	9	−8	−3	−8	−13	−8	−5	−3	0	6	33	28	56	43	−11	−5
Net exports of goods and services	−79	−92	−113	−73	−95	−52	−73	−130	−145	−161	−163	−192	−250	−239	−222	−251	−187	−177
Exports	973	954	798	839	783	793	790	621	522	461	483	481	503	540	534	417	475	453
Goods	951	929	772	816	761	775	770	600	499	438	457	458	477	515	508	393	451	430
Services	26	29	29	26	25	22	23	23	24	23	26	23	26	26	26	24	24	23
Imports	1,053	1,046	911	912	878	845	863	751	668	621	646	673	753	780	755	668	663	630
Goods	981	969	837	848	811	782	797	691	612	567	588	614	686	713	688	595	579	567
Services	75	79	74	66	68	64	66	61	56	55	57	59	67	67	67	71	80	62
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	300	298	290	277	263	251	265	304	322	343	329	308	331	359	309	297	305	278
Federal	15	27	34	28	22	19	21	32	23	23	22	21	23	25	25	24	22	20
Territorial	285	270	256	249	241	232	243	272	298	319	306	287	308	333	284	273	282	258
Addenda:
Population (thousands)¹	60.8	62.6	64.1	65.5	64.8	64.8	65.1	62.4	55.5	56.0	56.5	57.0	57.5	58.1	58.6	58.7	58.0	56.9
Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)	11,924	11,693	11,466	11,176	10,833	11,034	10,691	10,689	12,054	11,946	11,327	10,947	11,043	11,274	10,990	10,204	10,672	10,721

BEA estimates based on data from the American Samoa Department of Commerce and the U.S. Census Bureau.

Table A.1.3. Percent Change From Preceding Year in Real Gross Domestic Product, American Samoa
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	0.8	0.4	−0.4	−4.1	1.9	−2.7	−4.3	0.3	0.0	−4.3	−2.5	1.6	3.3	−1.8	−6.9	3.3	−1.4
Personal consumption expenditures	2.4	4.3	−1.2	−1.8	−1.8	−2.6	−3.1	−4.3	−5.0	−2.6	4.7	2.7	1.4	1.1	−0.6	1.1	3.0
Goods	4.4	7.4	−2.0	−2.2	−1.1	−2.5	−8.0	−5.3	−10.4	−3.7	11.3	4.7	−1.0	−1.7	−2.9	0.7	−0.3
Durable goods	4.1	17.1	−12.3	−5.5	−3.0	3.0	−12.7	0.9	−14.6	−5.7	10.4	32.2	−5.8	−5.8	−13.3	5.1	2.9
Nondurable goods	4.4	5.9	−0.3	−1.8	−0.8	−3.2	−7.3	−6.1	−9.8	−3.4	11.5	0.9	−0.2	−1.0	−1.1	0.1	−0.8
Services	0.6	1.6	0.8	−2.0	−2.7	−2.1	2.6	−2.8	−0.7	−0.3	−1.0	2.0	3.1	3.1	−0.2	0.9	5.0
Net foreign travel	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Private fixed investment	5.6	11.8	14.0	11.0	3.8	14.4	−16.6	30.0	5.1	−0.7	15.7	6.1	−23.4	−7.1	1.3	−0.4	−22.7
Change in private inventories	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Net exports of goods and services	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Exports	−2.0	−16.3	5.1	−6.7	1.3	−0.4	−21.4	−15.8	−11.8	4.8	−0.5	4.8	7.4	−1.2	−21.9	14.0	−4.7
Goods	−2.4	−16.9	5.7	−6.7	1.8	−0.6	−22.1	−16.8	−12.2	4.3	0.1	4.3	7.9	−1.3	−22.8	14.9	−4.7
Services	8.9	0.2	−9.4	−5.0	−11.4	4.9	−0.2	5.4	−5.8	13.1	−10.2	12.7	−0.7	−0.7	−8.3	1.8	−5.4
Imports	−0.7	−12.9	0.1	−3.7	−3.7	2.0	−13.0	−11.1	−6.9	3.9	4.2	11.9	3.5	−3.1	−11.5	−0.8	−5.0
Goods	−1.2	−13.6	1.3	−4.4	−3.5	1.9	−13.4	−11.4	−7.4	3.8	4.3	11.8	3.9	−3.5	−13.5	−2.6	−2.2
Services	4.6	−6.0	−11.1	3.7	−5.8	3.2	−8.2	−7.8	−2.6	4.5	3.9	12.9	0.4	0.0	6.1	12.5	−22.9
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	−0.8	−2.6	−4.6	−5.0	−4.5	5.3	15.1	5.6	6.6	−4.1	−6.4	7.5	8.4	−13.9	−4.0	2.7	−8.8
Federal	87.2	24.4	−17.6	−23.2	−10.8	11.3	51.0	−28.3	1.0	−5.7	−4.6	9.9	9.5	−1.1	−4.1	−7.0	−10.2
Territorial	−5.1	−5.3	−2.9	−2.9	−3.9	4.8	11.8	9.8	7.0	−4.0	−6.5	7.3	8.4	−14.8	−4.0	3.6	−8.7

Table A.1.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product, American Samoa
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Percent change:
Gross domestic product	0.8	0.4	−0.4	−4.1	1.9	−2.7	−4.3	0.3	0.0	−4.3	−2.5	1.6	3.3	−1.8	−6.9	3.3	−1.4
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures	1.50	2.81	−0.87	−1.34	−1.39	−1.94	−1.98	−2.87	−3.64	−1.77	3.06	1.92	1.01	0.72	−0.45	0.81	2.25
Goods	1.33	2.44	−0.74	−0.84	−0.43	−0.93	−2.63	−1.72	−3.65	−1.11	3.23	1.55	−0.34	−0.53	−0.91	0.25	−0.10
Durable goods	0.16	0.73	−0.65	−0.26	−0.14	0.13	−0.54	0.03	−0.66	−0.22	0.37	1.29	−0.30	−0.27	−0.60	0.22	0.12
Nondurable goods	1.17	1.71	−0.09	−0.58	−0.29	−1.06	−2.08	−1.75	−2.99	−0.90	2.86	0.25	−0.04	−0.26	−0.31	0.03	−0.23
Services	0.19	0.53	0.27	−0.72	−1.03	−0.75	0.86	−0.97	−0.29	−0.13	−0.37	0.77	1.20	1.16	−0.06	0.38	2.17
Net foreign travel	−0.02	−0.16	−0.40	0.22	0.07	−0.26	−0.21	−0.18	0.29	−0.53	0.21	−0.40	0.16	0.10	0.53	0.18	0.18
Private fixed investment	0.25	0.58	0.82	0.77	0.30	1.08	−1.22	1.89	0.45	−0.06	1.35	0.64	−2.62	−0.58	0.11	−0.03	−2.00
Change in private inventories	0.67	−0.40	−2.85	0.79	−0.93	−0.99	0.90	0.43	0.36	0.48	0.90	4.05	−0.67	3.37	−1.66	−8.22	0.96
Net exports of goods and services	−1.26	−1.39	4.60	−2.05	6.02	−3.00	−7.72	−1.71	−0.74	−0.65	−4.50	−8.70	1.07	2.28	−2.98	9.34	1.97
Exports	−2.02	−16.85	4.69	−6.76	1.28	−0.46	−22.22	−12.31	−7.70	3.09	−0.34	3.24	4.69	−0.78	−14.69	8.47	−3.15
Goods	−2.31	−16.86	5.07	−6.57	1.71	−0.62	−22.21	−12.49	−7.47	2.62	0.07	2.76	4.72	−0.75	−14.35	8.40	−2.92
Services	0.29	0.01	−0.38	−0.19	−0.43	0.16	−0.01	0.18	−0.23	0.47	−0.41	0.48	−0.03	−0.03	−0.35	0.07	−0.23
Imports	0.76	15.46	−0.09	4.71	4.74	−2.54	14.50	10.60	6.96	−3.75	−4.16	−11.94	−3.63	3.06	11.72	0.86	5.12
Goods	1.24	14.77	−1.37	5.11	4.08	−2.20	13.74	9.92	6.71	−3.35	−3.81	−10.70	−3.59	3.06	12.35	2.42	1.94
Services	−0.48	0.69	1.28	−0.40	0.66	−0.33	0.76	0.68	0.25	−0.39	−0.35	−1.24	−0.04	0.00	−0.64	−1.56	3.18
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	−0.32	−1.15	−2.11	−2.27	−2.06	2.19	5.73	2.58	3.58	−2.29	−3.26	3.73	4.47	−7.58	−1.95	1.41	−4.60
Federal	1.73	0.97	−0.94	−1.09	−0.41	0.37	1.62	−1.42	0.04	−0.22	−0.16	0.33	0.35	−0.04	−0.16	−0.29	−0.39
Territorial	−2.05	−2.12	−1.17	−1.19	−1.64	1.82	4.11	4.00	3.54	−2.07	−3.10	3.39	4.12	−7.54	−1.79	1.70	−4.20

Table A.1.5. Percent Change From Preceding Year in Prices for Gross Domestic Product, American Samoa
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	1.6	−3.3	−1.3	2.7	3.0	11.1	26.0	−15.5	−0.6	17.4	2.1	−0.7	1.2	1.6	−2.0	1.4	0.9
Personal consumption expenditures	3.8	3.0	4.2	4.2	4.0	8.9	0.9	5.4	7.9	4.8	1.5	1.0	−2.1	−0.2	2.4	2.2	0.9

Table A.1.6. Revisions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product, American Samoa
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Percent change:
Revised	0.8	0.4	−0.4	−4.1	1.9	−2.7	−4.3	0.3	0.0	−4.3	−2.5	1.6	3.3	−1.8	−6.9	3.3
Previously published	0.8	0.5	−0.4	−4.1	1.9	−2.5	−4.2	0.4	0.3	−4.3	−2.8	1.0	1.4	−2.8	−5.8	2.2
Percentage points:
Revision	0.0	−0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	−0.2	−0.1	−0.1	−0.3	0.0	0.3	0.6	1.9	1.0	−1.1	1.1

Table A.2.1. Value Added by Industry, American Samoa
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	512	524	509	500	493	518	560	675	573	570	640	638	643	673	671	612	641
Private industries	390	394	366	346	340	362	400	511	386	384	446	447	455	477	475	420	445
Manufacturing	109	108	79	68	67	77	112	163	41	21	89	93	77	94	92	67	89
Nonmanufacturing	281	287	287	278	273	285	288	348	345	363	356	354	378	384	383	353	355
Government	121	130	143	154	153	156	160	165	187	185	194	190	188	195	196	193	196
Federal	8	11	16	20	16	14	16	18	18	17	17	18	18	18	18	18	18
Territorial	113	120	127	134	138	142	144	146	169	168	177	172	171	177	178	175	178

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table A.2.2. Real Value Added by Industry, American Samoa
[Millions of chained (2012) dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	725	732	735	732	702	715	696	667	669	669	640	624	635	655	644	599	619
Private industries	567	566	562	543	523	537	513	485	473	483	446	439	457	477	466	424	447
Manufacturing	126	124	118	131	127	132	132	105	93	85	89	88	91	105	104	83	97
Nonmanufacturing	428	428	431	401	387	396	372	379	382	393	356	351	366	373	364	341	351
Government	163	170	177	189	180	180	183	182	196	188	194	186	178	179	178	174	172
Federal	12	14	20	25	18	15	18	19	18	17	17	18	17	17	17	16	16
Territorial	150	155	156	165	162	165	166	162	178	171	177	168	161	162	161	158	156

Table A.2.3. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry, American Samoa
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	0.8	0.4	−0.4	−4.1	1.9	−2.7	−4.3	0.3	0.0	−4.3	−2.5	1.6	3.3	−1.8	−6.9	3.3
Private industries	−0.3	−0.7	−3.4	−3.7	2.8	−4.4	−5.6	−2.5	2.1	−7.7	−1.6	4.2	4.4	−2.3	−8.9	5.4
Manufacturing	−1.0	−5.0	11.2	−3.7	4.2	0.4	−20.3	−12.3	−7.9	4.9	−1.5	3.0	16.3	−1.5	−20.2	16.6
Nonmanufacturing	0.0	0.8	−6.9	−3.7	2.4	−5.9	1.8	0.7	3.1	−9.4	−1.6	4.4	1.9	−2.5	−6.3	3.1
Government	4.5	3.7	7.3	−5.0	0.1	1.7	−0.6	7.8	−4.2	3.4	−4.5	−4.1	0.5	−0.5	−2.2	−1.1
Federal	16.0	40.2	22.2	−27.7	−14.4	14.8	10.7	−7.6	−4.5	−0.8	5.0	−4.0	−1.3	1.7	−4.9	0.3
Territorial	3.6	0.5	5.4	−1.6	1.8	0.4	−1.8	9.7	−4.1	3.8	−5.4	−4.2	0.7	−0.7	−1.9	−1.2

Table A.2.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry, American Samoa
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Percent change:
Gross domestic product	0.8	0.4	−0.4	−4.1	1.9	−2.7	−4.3	0.3	0.0	−4.3	−2.5	1.6	3.3	−1.8	−6.9	3.3
Percentage points:
Private industries	−0.23	−0.51	−2.47	−2.53	1.92	−3.15	−4.14	−1.85	1.39	−5.34	−1.09	2.89	3.10	−1.65	−6.27	3.66
Manufacturing	−0.21	−0.97	1.53	−0.50	0.58	0.07	−5.01	−2.22	−0.47	0.41	−0.21	0.40	1.98	−0.20	−2.67	1.93
Nonmanufacturing	−0.03	0.45	−4.00	−2.03	1.34	−3.22	0.86	0.37	1.87	−5.75	−0.88	2.49	1.11	−1.45	−3.61	1.73
Government	1.07	0.96	2.06	−1.57	0.03	0.49	−0.15	2.16	−1.39	1.03	−1.36	−1.26	0.16	−0.15	−0.65	−0.35
Federal	0.27	0.85	0.71	−1.14	−0.46	0.38	0.28	−0.23	−0.14	−0.02	0.13	−0.11	−0.04	0.05	−0.14	0.01
Territorial	0.80	0.11	1.35	−0.43	0.49	0.11	−0.43	2.39	−1.25	1.06	−1.49	−1.15	0.19	−0.19	−0.52	−0.35

Note. Percentage-point contributions do not sum to the percent change in real gross domestic product (GDP) because of rounding and differences in source data used to estimate GDP by industry and the expenditures measure of real GDP.

Table A.2.5. Compensation of Employees by Industry, American Samoa
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Total compensation	232	245	256	269	265	265	274	271	270	262	272	277	294	308	311	294	301
Private industries	124	128	125	127	126	125	131	125	97	97	104	105	116	124	128	118	127
Manufacturing	53	53	48	49	50	52	59	53	31	27	40	42	45	51	51	40	49
Nonmanufacturing	71	75	76	79	76	73	72	71	66	70	63	63	72	73	77	79	78
Government	108	117	132	141	139	140	143	147	173	164	169	171	178	185	183	175	174
Federal	8	10	15	20	15	13	16	18	17	17	16	17	17	17	18	17	18
Territorial	100	107	117	121	123	127	127	129	156	148	152	154	161	167	165	158	156

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)

Real GDP decreased 11.2 percent in 2019 (table B.1.3).

The decline in the CNMI economy primarily reflected declines in gaming industry revenues and private fixed investment.
Exports of services was the largest contributor to the decline in real GDP in 2019, reflecting decreases in visitor spending, particularly on casino gambling (table B.1.4). According to publicly available financial statements, revenues from casino gambling dropped over 80 percent.
Private fixed investment decreased in 2019 but remained at historically high levels, supported by continued development of the casino resort on Saipan and reconstruction activities associated with Typhoon Yutu.

Table B.1.1. Gross Domestic Product, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	1,284	1,239	1,210	1,061	990	938	939	795	799	729	746	772	832	910	1,230	1,560	1,302	1,182
Personal consumption expenditures	459	470	477	425	474	480	504	431	442	446	460	490	525	529	571	654	677	688
Goods	332	346	394	332	369	358	387	332	354	366	399	412	433	428	435	490	483	466
Durable goods	121	127	145	123	140	137	142	119	130	132	143	153	164	169	173	192	190	183
Nondurable goods	210	219	249	209	229	222	245	213	224	234	256	260	269	259	262	298	293	283
Services	441	424	451	434	414	409	427	381	398	374	418	456	507	563	992	1,215	821	676
Net foreign travel	−314	−300	−368	−341	−309	−287	−310	−283	−309	−293	−357	−378	−414	−461	−855	−1,051	−627	−453
Private fixed investment	80	78	98	97	92	79	83	85	77	74	79	88	112	192	398	379	222	183
Net exports of goods and services	387	344	281	182	77	47	29	−47	−70	−132	−98	−123	−123	−153	−116	112	−96	−236
Exports	1,169	1,118	1,218	1,017	829	627	488	312	335	317	379	402	437	482	882	1,081	661	497
Goods	848	810	842	668	514	333	172	23	19	17	16	17	15	13	19	23	26	36
Services	321	308	376	349	315	293	316	289	316	300	364	385	422	469	863	1,059	635	461
Imports	782	774	937	835	752	579	459	360	405	449	478	525	560	635	998	969	757	733
Goods	673	666	807	720	648	498	394	307	346	384	409	449	477	488	636	621	598	601
Services	109	108	130	116	104	81	66	53	59	65	69	76	82	147	362	348	159	132
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	358	346	353	357	347	332	324	327	349	341	305	317	318	342	376	415	499	548
Federal	14	16	16	16	14	13	15	20	22	21	21	20	22	28	24	26	52	75
Territorial	344	329	337	340	333	319	308	306	327	319	284	297	296	314	352	390	448	472

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table B.1.2. Real Gross Domestic Product, Chained Dollars, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
[Millions of chained (2012) dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product (GDP)	1,457	1,462	1,417	1,237	1,152	1,075	956	788	799	740	746	766	798	825	1,066	1,313	1,059	941
Personal consumption expenditures	602	633	611	521	549	539	532	450	464	450	460	497	533	555	595	662	667	676
Goods	464	486	524	422	455	434	440	365	383	372	399	415	425	430	437	476	456	436
Durable goods	158	165	180	148	168	163	163	130	139	132	143	154	162	175	177	187	181	171
Nondurable goods	307	322	345	275	288	271	277	234	244	240	256	261	263	256	260	289	275	265
Services	551	551	574	540	486	464	462	407	416	379	418	454	497	558	953	1,148	757	622
Net foreign travel	−417	−406	−489	−446	−391	−357	−370	−323	−336	−300	−357	−371	−390	−433	−774	−935	−542	−389
Private fixed investment	92	89	110	106	98	83	84	88	80	75	79	88	111	191	392	361	202	160
Net exports of goods and services	401	380	336	248	133	107	11	−91	−103	−131	−98	−128	−145	−248	−320	−98	−224	−350
Exports	1,647	1,579	1,708	1,418	1,143	852	543	356	365	324	379	395	411	453	804	968	577	432
Goods	1,154	1,098	1,138	904	694	446	155	26	21	17	16	17	15	13	20	23	26	35
Services	427	417	500	456	400	365	378	330	343	307	364	378	397	439	783	944	552	399
Imports	1,246	1,198	1,372	1,170	1,010	746	532	447	467	456	478	523	556	701	1,124	1,067	801	782
Goods	1,092	1,044	1,188	1,007	874	647	457	388	405	390	409	448	477	555	749	710	654	666
Services	155	155	185	163	136	99	75	59	62	66	69	75	79	142	344	327	146	119
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	445	447	427	412	403	367	343	344	359	346	305	309	300	320	349	369	416	450
Federal	20	22	20	20	16	14	17	22	22	21	21	19	21	27	23	23	45	64
Territorial	425	426	407	393	387	353	327	322	336	324	284	290	279	293	326	346	372	387
Addenda:
Population (thousands)¹	74.4	76.6	78.9	70.6	60.7	59.3	57.6	55.5	53.5	52.2	51.4	51.2	51.0	50.8	50.6	50.3	50.0	49.8
Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)	19,583	19,086	17,959	17,521	18,979	18,128	16,597	14,198	14,935	14,176	14,514	14,961	15,647	16,240	21,067	26,103	21,180	18,896

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Table B.1.3. Percent Change From Preceding Year in Real Gross Domestic Product, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	0.4	−3.1	−12.7	−6.9	−6.6	−11.1	−17.5	1.3	−7.4	0.9	2.7	4.2	3.3	29.3	23.2	−19.3	−11.2
Personal consumption expenditures	5.2	−3.4	−14.8	5.5	−1.8	−1.4	−15.4	3.0	−2.9	2.2	8.1	7.2	4.2	7.2	11.2	0.8	1.3
Goods	4.8	7.8	−19.4	7.8	−4.6	1.3	−17.1	5.1	−3.0	7.4	3.9	2.5	1.1	1.6	9.0	−4.2	−4.4
Durable goods	4.7	9.1	−17.6	13.1	−2.7	0.2	−20.2	6.7	−5.0	8.5	7.3	5.2	7.8	1.7	5.4	−3.1	−5.5
Nondurable goods	4.8	7.1	−20.4	4.8	−5.8	2.0	−15.3	4.1	−1.9	6.8	2.0	1.0	−2.9	1.5	11.4	−4.9	−3.7
Services	0.0	4.1	−5.9	−10.0	−4.5	−0.3	−11.9	2.0	−8.8	10.3	8.6	9.5	12.4	70.7	20.5	−34.1	−17.8
Net foreign travel	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Private fixed investment	−3.4	22.9	−3.3	−7.8	−15.4	2.1	4.4	−8.9	−6.9	5.6	11.1	26.8	72.0	104.6	−7.9	−43.9	−20.8
Net exports of goods and services	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Exports	−4.1	8.2	−17.0	−19.4	−25.4	−36.3	−34.4	2.4	−11.1	17.0	4.1	4.1	10.1	77.5	20.5	−40.4	−25.2
Goods	−4.8	3.7	−20.6	−23.2	−35.8	−65.2	−83.4	−16.7	−20.8	−8.6	6.9	−11.7	−9.0	48.2	16.5	11.8	37.4
Services	−2.4	20.0	−8.9	−12.3	−8.7	3.4	−12.5	3.8	−10.5	18.5	4.0	4.8	10.7	78.3	20.6	−41.5	−27.7
Imports	−3.8	14.4	−14.7	−13.7	−26.2	−28.6	−16.0	4.5	−2.5	4.8	9.4	6.4	26.0	60.4	−5.1	−24.9	−2.4
Goods	−4.4	13.7	−15.2	−13.2	−26.0	−29.3	−15.0	4.3	−3.8	5.0	9.5	6.5	16.4	34.9	−5.2	−7.9	1.8
Services	0.1	18.9	−11.7	−16.4	−27.4	−24.2	−21.3	5.8	5.6	3.9	9.0	6.3	78.4	142.7	−4.9	−55.5	−18.1
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	0.6	−4.6	−3.4	−2.2	−9.0	−6.4	0.2	4.3	−3.7	−11.7	1.4	−2.8	6.5	9.0	5.9	12.8	8.1
Federal	10.6	−6.7	−2.4	−18.5	−12.9	19.2	30.1	3.9	−4.4	−3.1	−6.4	7.9	26.5	−14.1	2.4	92.9	42.3
Territorial	0.1	−4.5	−3.4	−1.4	−8.8	−7.4	−1.3	4.4	−3.7	−12.3	1.9	−3.5	5.0	11.0	6.2	7.6	4.1

Table B.1.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Percent change:
Gross domestic product	0.4	−3.1	−12.7	−6.9	−6.6	−11.1	−17.5	1.3	−7.4	0.9	2.7	4.2	3.3	29.3	23.2	−19.3	−11.2
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures	1.89	−1.33	−5.97	2.28	−0.87	−0.68	−8.36	1.65	−1.62	1.34	4.91	4.48	2.54	4.12	5.21	0.32	0.66
Goods	1.25	2.24	−6.45	2.49	−1.72	0.48	−7.20	2.14	−1.39	3.72	2.07	1.34	0.55	0.73	3.18	−1.31	−1.63
Durable goods	0.45	0.95	−2.14	1.52	−0.38	0.03	−3.14	1.02	−0.84	1.53	1.39	1.02	1.47	0.30	0.77	−0.38	−0.80
Nondurable goods	0.80	1.29	−4.31	0.97	−1.34	0.45	−4.06	1.12	−0.55	2.19	0.68	0.32	−0.92	0.43	2.42	−0.93	−0.83
Services	0.00	1.40	−2.23	−4.21	−1.90	−0.13	−5.45	0.99	−4.50	5.26	4.79	5.56	7.31	43.51	16.37	−26.41	−11.14
Net foreign travel	0.63	−4.97	2.71	4.00	2.75	−1.02	4.28	−1.47	4.27	−7.64	−1.95	−2.42	−5.32	−40.13	−14.34	28.04	13.42
Private fixed investment	−0.22	1.46	−0.27	−0.73	−1.43	0.17	0.38	−0.96	−0.68	0.57	1.17	3.01	9.40	21.67	−2.56	−10.73	−3.58
Net exports of goods and services	−1.46	−1.87	−5.46	−7.71	−1.13	−8.43	−9.63	−1.18	−3.47	4.45	−3.92	−2.16	−11.03	0.16	18.69	−12.40	−11.33
Exports	−3.85	7.38	−17.08	−18.68	−21.30	−25.55	−17.22	0.95	−4.82	7.43	2.09	2.16	5.16	40.81	14.59	−27.87	−12.70
Goods	−3.24	2.39	−14.30	−14.59	−18.53	−26.56	−12.91	−0.49	−0.53	−0.20	0.14	−0.25	−0.16	0.68	0.25	0.17	0.73
Services	−0.61	4.99	−2.78	−4.09	−2.77	1.01	−4.31	1.44	−4.29	7.63	1.95	2.41	5.32	40.13	14.33	−28.04	−13.44
Imports	2.39	−9.25	11.62	10.98	20.16	17.12	7.59	−2.13	1.36	−2.98	−6.01	−4.31	−16.19	−40.65	4.10	15.47	1.37
Goods	2.40	−7.60	10.36	9.12	17.19	15.13	6.08	−1.74	1.78	−2.64	−5.18	−3.70	−8.65	−17.98	2.68	3.15	−0.83
Services	−0.01	−1.65	1.26	1.85	2.97	2.00	1.51	−0.40	−0.42	−0.34	−0.83	−0.61	−7.54	−22.67	1.42	12.32	2.20
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	0.16	−1.33	−1.01	−0.75	−3.21	−2.12	0.06	1.81	−1.65	−5.49	0.57	−1.15	2.42	3.31	1.81	3.46	3.08
Federal	0.12	−0.09	−0.03	−0.29	−0.18	0.24	0.50	0.10	−0.12	−0.09	−0.18	0.20	0.69	−0.43	0.05	1.54	1.68
Territorial	0.03	−1.24	−0.98	−0.45	−3.03	−2.36	−0.43	1.71	−1.53	−5.40	0.75	−1.35	1.73	3.74	1.77	1.93	1.40

Table B.1.5. Percent Change From Preceding Year in Prices for Gross Domestic Product, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	−3.9	0.8	0.4	0.3	1.6	12.5	2.7	−0.9	−1.4	1.4	0.7	3.4	5.9	4.6	3.0	3.5	2.2
Personal consumption expenditures	−2.6	5.1	4.5	5.8	3.2	6.3	1.1	−0.4	4.0	0.9	−1.4	0.0	−3.3	0.7	2.9	2.7	0.4

B.1.6. Revisions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Percent change:
Revised	0.4	−3.1	−12.7	−6.9	−6.6	−11.1	−17.5	1.3	−7.4	0.9	2.7	4.2	3.3	29.3	23.2	−19.3
Previously published	0.4	−3.1	−12.7	−6.9	−6.6	−11.1	−17.5	1.3	−7.7	0.6	2.4	3.9	3.5	28.4	25.5	−19.6
Percentage points:
Revision	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	−0.2	0.9	−2.3	0.3

Table B.2.1. Value Added by Industry, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	1,284	1,239	1,210	1,061	990	938	939	795	799	729	746	772	832	910	1,230	1,560	1,302
Private industries	1,053	998	974	824	769	717	727	586	589	537	559	574	629	696	1,004	1,299	1,018
Manufacturing	403	395	386	349	244	174	50	18	16	15	12	11	16	20	23	19	21
Wholesale and retail trade¹	129	138	150	124	143	140	165	135	149	153	157	172	182	193	205	220	239
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	122	123	141	144	128	111	122	105	110	97	114	131	144	180	437	691	386
Other private	398	342	298	207	254	291	390	328	314	271	276	260	287	302	339	369	372
Government	231	241	235	236	220	222	212	209	210	192	187	198	203	214	226	261	285
Federal	6	9	11	14	13	13	14	16	14	14	14	14	14	15	16	17	17
Territorial	225	232	224	222	207	209	197	193	196	178	173	184	189	199	210	244	267

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table B.2.2. Real Value Added by Industry, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
[Millions of chained (2012) dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	1,457	1,462	1,417	1,237	1,152	1,075	956	788	799	740	746	766	798	825	1,066	1,313	1,059
Private industries	1,176	1,150	1,133	961	885	818	720	567	582	544	559	574	606	629	860	1,084	829
Manufacturing	461	456	449	395	274	196	56	19	17	16	12	11	15	19	22	18	19
Wholesale and retail trade¹	158	169	181	146	163	156	179	143	156	157	157	170	179	187	199	209	218
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	156	157	176	173	149	124	133	109	114	101	114	128	136	163	366	572	310
Other private	389	360	325	246	304	350	354	294	294	270	276	264	275	260	270	279	280
Government	273	307	277	270	261	252	233	223	217	196	187	193	193	195	204	226	227
Federal	9	12	14	17	15	14	16	17	14	14	14	14	13	14	15	15	15
Territorial	264	295	263	254	246	238	218	205	203	181	173	179	179	181	189	211	212

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Table B.2.3. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	0.4	−3.1	−12.7	−6.9	−6.6	−11.1	−17.5	1.3	−7.4	0.9	2.7	4.2	3.3	29.3	23.2	−19.3
Private industries	−2.2	−1.4	−15.2	−7.9	−7.6	−12.0	−21.3	2.7	−6.5	2.8	2.6	5.6	3.9	36.7	26.0	−23.5
Manufacturing	−1.1	−1.6	−12.0	−30.7	−28.4	−71.4	−65.4	−10.5	−7.8	−27.3	−4.1	35.7	24.1	16.2	−16.4	4.4
Wholesale and retail trade¹	7.5	6.7	−19.2	11.2	−4.1	15.1	−20.4	9.3	0.8	−0.1	8.3	5.3	4.4	6.5	5.0	4.2
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	0.3	12.4	−1.8	−13.9	−16.7	6.9	−17.8	4.2	−11.0	13.0	12.0	6.6	19.8	124.3	56.0	−45.7
Other private	−7.5	−9.7	−24.1	23.4	15.2	1.1	−17.1	0.1	−8.4	2.4	−4.4	4.1	−5.3	3.8	3.3	0.4
Government	12.5	−9.6	−2.7	−3.3	−3.5	−7.5	−4.6	−2.3	−10.0	−4.4	3.2	−0.1	1.4	4.3	10.8	0.5
Federal	38.3	17.7	19.4	−8.1	−7.2	10.0	9.3	−15.8	0.5	−3.2	−1.6	−3.4	5.0	4.4	1.7	−0.4
Territorial	11.8	−10.6	−3.8	−3.0	−3.2	−8.6	−5.6	−1.2	−10.8	−4.5	3.6	0.2	1.2	4.3	11.5	0.6

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Table B.2.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Percent change:
Gross domestic product	0.4	−3.1	−12.7	−6.9	−6.6	−11.1	−17.5	1.3	−7.4	0.9	2.7	4.2	3.3	29.3	23.2	−19.3
Percentage points:
Private industries	−1.85	−1.15	−12.18	−6.18	−5.85	−9.27	−16.48	1.95	−4.74	2.04	1.93	4.20	2.92	28.22	21.17	−19.45
Manufacturing	−0.35	−0.51	−3.88	−10.15	−6.93	−12.60	−3.50	−0.24	−0.16	−0.58	−0.06	0.52	0.44	0.34	−0.30	0.05
Wholesale and retail trade¹	0.76	0.76	−2.41	1.34	−0.59	2.16	−3.58	1.58	0.16	−0.02	1.75	1.16	0.93	1.34	0.84	0.59
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	0.03	1.24	−0.22	−1.91	−2.19	0.78	−2.34	0.55	−1.52	1.76	1.85	1.12	3.41	25.24	19.72	−20.19
Other private	−2.29	−2.63	−5.68	4.55	3.87	0.39	−7.06	0.05	−3.22	0.89	−1.60	1.41	−1.86	1.29	0.91	0.09
Government	2.21	−1.92	−0.53	−0.72	−0.78	−1.71	−1.04	−0.63	−2.68	−1.17	0.80	−0.02	0.35	0.99	2.00	0.09
Federal	0.19	0.13	0.18	−0.11	−0.10	0.13	0.14	−0.33	0.01	−0.06	−0.03	−0.06	0.08	0.07	0.02	0.00
Territorial	2.02	−2.05	−0.71	−0.61	−0.68	−1.84	−1.19	−0.30	−2.69	−1.11	0.83	0.04	0.27	0.92	1.98	0.09

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Table B.2.5. Compensation of Employees by Industry, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Total compensation	720	725	753	700	602	533	501	455	455	431	415	433	471	499	584	661	720
Private industries	506	510	536	480	398	336	307	263	264	259	252	267	299	313	387	441	466
Manufacturing	210	199	216	166	117	74	26	9	8	8	8	6	6	9	10	9	9
Wholesale and retail trade¹	57	61	65	54	62	62	72	58	62	62	63	67	70	73	76	80	88
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	64	66	76	77	67	61	67	58	60	54	64	73	80	105	160	198	213
Other private	175	184	179	183	152	140	142	137	134	135	119	121	143	126	140	155	157
Government	214	215	217	220	204	197	194	192	191	172	162	165	171	186	197	220	254
Federal	6	9	11	13	13	13	14	16	14	14	14	14	14	15	16	16	17
Territorial	208	206	206	207	191	184	180	176	177	158	148	152	158	171	182	203	237

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Guam

Real GDP increased 2.0 percent in 2019 (table C.1.3).

The increase in the Guam economy reflected increases in exports, private fixed investment, federal government spending, and consumer spending (table C.1.4).
Exports of services was the largest contributor to the increase in real GDP in 2019. This reflected a record high in visitor arrivals for the year, according to statistics published by the Guam government. Average spending by Korean and Japanese tourists, who make up much of Guam's tourist market, also increased.
Spending on construction and equipment for defense and private projects increased. Business spending on construction increased in 2019, following project delays in 2017 and 2018.
Consumer spending also increased, largely reflecting growth in retail trade activity and health care services.

Table C.1.1. Gross Domestic Product, Guam
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	3,394	3,569	3,869	4,213	4,238	4,397	4,658	4,828	4,949	4,984	5,265	5,399	5,610	5,799	5,901	6,013	6,051	6,311
Personal consumption expenditures	2,222	2,110	2,242	2,434	2,459	2,549	2,779	2,847	2,860	2,950	3,206	3,218	3,260	3,287	3,384	3,549	3,605	3,704
Goods	1,103	1,070	1,222	1,401	1,402	1,414	1,512	1,448	1,462	1,564	1,765	1,706	1,711	1,655	1,693	1,759	1,799	1,914
Durable goods	404	398	436	506	506	518	542	520	523	564	635	616	598	588	611	647	641	677
Nondurable goods	699	673	786	895	896	897	970	928	939	1,001	1,130	1,090	1,113	1,067	1,083	1,112	1,159	1,236
Services	1,763	1,594	1,791	1,915	1,978	2,020	2,102	2,134	2,167	2,175	2,332	2,383	2,489	2,601	2,726	2,821	2,880	3,068
Net foreign travel	−644	−554	−770	−882	−921	−885	−835	−735	−768	−790	−891	−870	−940	−969	−1,035	−1,031	−1,075	−1,277
Private fixed investment	473	646	636	585	686	921	1,057	1,081	1,057	1,027	1,044	1,233	1,355	1,256	1,205	1,141	1,223	1,355
Net exports of goods and services	−895	−1,024	−939	−886	−1,074	−1,483	−1,700	−1,801	−1,873	−2,022	−2,033	−2,189	−2,282	−2,041	−1,917	−1,883	−2,091	−2,192
Exports	722	631	846	956	1,005	1,005	973	838	846	928	1,004	1,053	1,057	1,048	1,119	1,141	1,165	1,375
Goods	74	73	72	70	80	115	133	98	73	133	107	177	112	73	78	105	83	92
Services	647	557	775	886	926	890	840	740	773	795	896	875	945	974	1,040	1,036	1,082	1,284
Imports	1,616	1,654	1,785	1,843	2,079	2,489	2,673	2,639	2,719	2,949	3,037	3,241	3,339	3,089	3,036	3,024	3,256	3,567
Goods	1,362	1,320	1,445	1,529	1,732	2,018	2,115	2,051	2,098	2,289	2,395	2,522	2,559	2,318	2,272	2,316	2,479	2,691
Services	255	334	340	314	347	470	558	588	621	661	642	719	780	770	764	709	777	876
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	1,594	1,836	1,929	2,080	2,166	2,411	2,521	2,701	2,905	3,028	3,048	3,137	3,276	3,297	3,229	3,205	3,314	3,443
Federal	909	1,124	1,209	1,286	1,318	1,500	1,608	1,751	1,865	1,907	1,911	1,907	1,980	2,027	2,009	1,903	1,985	2,130
Territorial	686	712	721	794	849	911	913	950	1,039	1,121	1,138	1,230	1,296	1,270	1,220	1,302	1,329	1,313

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table C.1.2. Real Gross Domestic Product, Chained Dollars, Guam
[Millions of chained (2012) dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product (GDP)	4,549	4,589	4,887	5,065	4,880	4,915	5,015	5,037	5,151	5,155	5,265	5,354	5,450	5,495	5,505	5,554	5,504	5,613
Personal consumption expenditures	2,972	2,760	2,893	3,025	2,937	2,957	3,046	3,072	3,047	3,090	3,206	3,227	3,240	3,301	3,351	3,441	3,419	3,484
Goods	1,542	1,420	1,540	1,655	1,582	1,578	1,591	1,516	1,546	1,623	1,765	1,725	1,719	1,696	1,739	1,773	1,779	1,893
Durable goods	470	446	494	548	545	557	541	524	533	579	635	632	624	632	647	660	660	713
Nondurable goods	1,085	981	1,052	1,110	1,038	1,020	1,051	993	1,014	1,044	1,130	1,092	1,096	1,065	1,093	1,114	1,119	1,182
Services	2,389	2,140	2,382	2,456	2,418	2,377	2,355	2,338	2,310	2,279	2,332	2,383	2,460	2,563	2,641	2,687	2,685	2,800
Net foreign travel	−953	−787	−1,023	−1,082	−1,057	−994	−900	−780	−809	−812	−891	−880	−940	−961	−1,032	−1,022	−1,047	−1,212
Private fixed investment	567	765	730	641	722	947	1,068	1,112	1,093	1,044	1,044	1,225	1,331	1,230	1,181	1,095	1,144	1,245
Net exports of goods and services	−1,198	−1,362	−1,170	−1,054	−1,228	−1,618	−1,762	−1,999	−2,007	−2,050	−2,033	−2,186	−2,263	−2,158	−2,068	−1,958	−2,043	−2,166
Exports	1,077	904	1,137	1,186	1,167	1,136	1,046	897	896	954	1,004	1,065	1,061	1,044	1,122	1,140	1,143	1,316
Goods	119	114	107	97	103	138	143	113	81	136	107	180	114	76	84	112	88	96
Services	958	792	1,029	1,087	1,062	999	905	785	814	817	896	886	946	966	1,037	1,028	1,054	1,218
Imports	2,274	2,266	2,306	2,241	2,395	2,754	2,808	2,896	2,903	3,004	3,037	3,251	3,323	3,202	3,190	3,098	3,186	3,482
Goods	1,908	1,806	1,869	1,872	2,022	2,263	2,237	2,285	2,255	2,328	2,395	2,543	2,574	2,473	2,480	2,470	2,520	2,759
Services	370	466	444	375	381	497	573	612	649	676	642	707	748	727	711	638	673	732
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	2,242	2,429	2,460	2,495	2,479	2,639	2,665	2,850	3,017	3,069	3,048	3,087	3,141	3,126	3,051	2,999	3,000	3,061
Federal	1,275	1,472	1,520	1,523	1,488	1,627	1,693	1,852	1,940	1,937	1,911	1,894	1,932	1,957	1,920	1,787	1,804	1,894
Territorial	970	958	941	974	994	1,013	973	998	1,077	1,133	1,138	1,193	1,208	1,171	1,133	1,212	1,196	1,167
Addenda:
Population (thousands)¹	155.7	156.2	156.6	157.1	157.5	158.0	158.4	158.9	159.4	159.5	159.8	160.5	161.0	161.5	162.0	162.5	162.9	163.2
Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)	29,216	29,379	31,207	32,241	30,984	31,108	31,660	31,699	32,315	32,320	32,947	33,358	33,851	34,025	33,981	34,178	33,788	34,393

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Table C.1.3. Percent Change From Preceding Year in Real Gross Domestic Product, Guam
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	0.9	6.5	3.6	−3.7	0.7	2.0	0.4	2.3	0.1	2.1	1.7	1.8	0.8	0.2	0.9	−0.9	2.0
Personal consumption expenditures	−7.1	4.8	4.6	−2.9	0.7	3.0	0.9	−0.8	1.4	3.8	0.7	0.4	1.9	1.5	2.7	−0.6	1.9
Goods	−7.9	8.5	7.4	−4.4	−0.3	0.9	−4.8	2.0	5.0	8.7	−2.3	−0.3	−1.4	2.6	1.9	0.3	6.5
Durable goods	−5.1	10.8	10.8	−0.5	2.2	−2.8	−3.3	1.7	8.8	9.7	−0.5	−1.4	1.4	2.4	1.9	0.1	8.1
Nondurable goods	−9.6	7.2	5.6	−6.5	−1.7	3.0	−5.6	2.2	3.0	8.2	−3.3	0.3	−2.8	2.7	1.9	0.4	5.6
Services	−10.4	11.3	3.1	−1.5	−1.7	−0.9	−0.7	−1.2	−1.4	2.3	2.2	3.2	4.2	3.0	1.8	−0.1	4.3
Net foreign travel	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Private fixed investment	34.9	−4.5	−12.3	12.6	31.2	12.8	4.1	−1.7	−4.4	0.0	17.3	8.7	−7.6	−4.0	−7.3	4.5	8.9
Net exports of goods and services	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Exports	−16.0	25.7	4.4	−1.6	−2.7	−7.9	−14.2	−0.1	6.5	5.2	6.1	−0.4	−1.6	7.5	1.5	0.3	15.1
Goods	−4.2	−6.7	−9.2	6.2	34.6	3.1	−20.8	−28.2	68.1	−21.3	67.2	−36.3	−33.3	9.9	34.1	−22.0	9.1
Services	−17.4	29.9	5.6	−2.3	−5.9	−9.4	−13.3	3.7	0.4	9.6	−1.2	6.8	2.1	7.3	−0.9	2.6	15.6
Imports	−0.4	1.8	−2.9	6.9	15.0	2.0	3.1	0.3	3.4	1.1	7.0	2.2	−3.6	−0.4	−2.9	2.8	9.3
Goods	−5.4	3.5	0.2	8.0	11.9	−1.1	2.2	−1.3	3.3	2.9	6.2	1.2	−3.9	0.3	−0.4	2.0	9.5
Services	26.1	−4.8	−15.4	1.6	30.4	15.3	6.8	5.9	4.1	−5.0	10.1	5.8	−2.8	−2.2	−10.3	5.5	8.8
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	8.3	1.3	1.4	−0.6	6.4	1.0	6.9	5.9	1.7	−0.7	1.3	1.7	−0.5	−2.4	−1.7	0.0	2.0
Federal	15.5	3.3	0.2	−2.3	9.4	4.0	9.4	4.7	−0.2	−1.3	−0.9	2.0	1.3	−1.9	−6.9	1.0	5.0
Territorial	−1.2	−1.8	3.5	2.1	1.9	−3.9	2.6	7.9	5.1	0.5	4.9	1.3	−3.1	−3.2	7.0	−1.3	−2.4

Table C.1.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product, Guam
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Percent change:
Gross domestic product	0.9	6.5	3.6	−3.7	0.7	2.0	0.4	2.3	0.1	2.1	1.7	1.8	0.8	0.2	0.9	−0.9	2.0
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures	−4.63	2.84	2.64	−1.68	0.41	1.75	0.51	−0.49	0.82	2.25	0.40	0.23	1.08	0.86	1.54	−0.38	1.13
Goods	−2.60	2.60	2.37	−1.47	−0.09	0.28	−1.53	0.59	1.49	2.75	−0.76	−0.09	−0.41	0.73	0.56	0.09	1.90
Durable goods	−0.60	1.19	1.22	−0.06	0.26	−0.34	−0.37	0.18	0.92	1.09	−0.05	−0.15	0.14	0.24	0.20	0.01	0.83
Nondurable goods	−2.00	1.41	1.15	−1.41	−0.35	0.62	−1.15	0.41	0.57	1.65	−0.71	0.06	−0.55	0.49	0.36	0.08	1.06
Services	−5.33	5.02	1.44	−0.70	−0.79	−0.43	−0.34	−0.52	−0.60	1.03	0.96	1.42	1.85	1.35	0.82	−0.05	2.04
Net foreign travel	3.30	−4.77	−1.16	0.49	1.29	1.90	2.37	−0.56	−0.07	−1.53	0.20	−1.10	−0.36	−1.22	0.16	−0.42	−2.80
Private fixed investment	4.79	−0.83	−2.01	1.75	5.04	2.65	0.91	−0.39	−0.95	−0.01	3.43	1.97	−1.80	−0.86	−1.50	0.86	1.79
Exports	−3.41	4.65	0.97	−0.38	−0.63	−1.81	−2.93	−0.02	1.12	0.97	1.15	−0.08	−0.29	1.34	0.29	0.06	2.92
Goods	−0.09	−0.14	−0.17	0.10	0.66	0.09	−0.56	−0.58	1.05	−0.57	1.35	−1.18	−0.65	0.12	0.45	−0.38	0.12
Services	−3.32	4.79	1.15	−0.48	−1.29	−1.90	−2.37	0.56	0.07	1.53	−0.20	1.10	0.36	1.22	−0.16	0.44	2.79
Imports	0.18	−0.85	1.32	−3.03	−7.41	−1.11	−1.74	−0.14	−1.93	−0.65	−4.04	−1.33	2.10	0.20	1.50	−1.45	−4.95
Goods	2.14	−1.32	−0.06	−2.91	−4.90	0.52	−0.94	0.58	−1.41	−1.30	−2.80	−0.56	1.71	−0.10	0.15	−0.80	−3.82
Services	−1.96	0.46	1.38	−0.12	−2.50	−1.63	−0.80	−0.72	−0.52	0.65	−1.24	−0.77	0.39	0.30	1.34	−0.66	−1.13
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	3.95	0.68	0.71	−0.32	3.31	0.55	3.70	3.30	1.02	−0.41	0.74	1.01	−0.27	−1.35	−0.94	0.02	1.11
Federal	4.20	1.04	0.06	−0.71	2.93	1.37	3.20	1.73	−0.07	−0.51	−0.32	0.72	0.44	−0.65	−2.37	0.31	1.64
Territorial	−0.25	−0.36	0.65	0.39	0.39	−0.81	0.50	1.57	1.09	0.10	1.06	0.29	−0.71	−0.70	1.43	−0.29	−0.53

Table C.1.5. Percent Change From Preceding Year in Prices for Gross Domestic Product, Guam
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	4.2	1.8	5.1	4.4	3.0	3.8	3.2	0.2	0.6	3.4	0.8	2.1	2.5	1.6	1.0	1.5	2.3
Personal consumption expenditures	2.3	1.4	3.8	4.0	3.0	5.9	1.6	1.3	1.7	4.7	−0.3	0.9	−1.0	1.4	2.1	2.2	0.8

Table C.1.6. Revisions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product, Guam
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Percent change:
Revised	0.9	6.5	3.6	−3.7	0.7	2.0	0.4	2.3	0.1	2.1	1.7	1.8	0.8	0.2	0.9	−0.9
Previously published	0.9	6.4	3.5	−3.8	0.8	1.7	0.3	2.1	0.1	2.0	1.8	1.7	0.5	0.3	0.2	−0.3
Percentage points:
Revision	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	−0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	−0.1	0.1	0.3	−0.1	0.7	−0.6

Table C.2.1. Value Added by Industry, Guam
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	3,394	3,569	3,869	4,213	4,238	4,397	4,658	4,828	4,949	4,984	5,265	5,399	5,610	5,799	5,901	6,013	6,051
Private industries	2,117	2,180	2,416	2,648	2,606	2,665	2,852	2,905	2,918	2,891	3,169	3,247	3,371	3,465	3,586	3,709	3,742
Construction	137	238	202	168	190	291	343	360	394	367	398	443	465	420	376	388	413
Wholesale and retail trade¹	368	413	449	470	455	436	469	464	495	513	551	537	552	587	607	624	625
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	384	356	408	411	409	406	422	429	452	462	487	532	612	651	708	736	759
Other private	1,228	1,173	1,357	1,599	1,552	1,532	1,618	1,652	1,576	1,548	1,733	1,735	1,742	1,807	1,895	1,962	1,946
Government	1,277	1,389	1,453	1,565	1,632	1,732	1,806	1,923	2,031	2,093	2,096	2,152	2,239	2,334	2,315	2,303	2,309
Federal	650	749	806	910	954	1,018	1,082	1,171	1,229	1,266	1,263	1,267	1,291	1,331	1,295	1,288	1,302
Territorial	627	640	647	655	678	713	724	752	802	828	833	884	948	1,003	1,020	1,016	1,007

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table C.2.2. Real Value Added by Industry, Guam
[Millions of chained (2012) dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	4,549	4,589	4,887	5,065	4,880	4,915	5,015	5,037	5,151	5,155	5,265	5,354	5,450	5,495	5,505	5,554	5,504
Private industries	2,758	2,772	3,045	3,189	3,010	3,010	3,080	3,025	3,068	3,040	3,169	3,233	3,314	3,331	3,383	3,442	3,454
Construction	200	340	277	206	212	309	366	366	409	376	398	432	442	393	346	344	350
Wholesale and retail trade¹	446	501	545	549	518	499	534	493	519	526	551	528	538	557	579	599	598
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	434	405	475	463	441	433	441	425	455	473	487	534	591	615	657	675	677
Other private	1,687	1,544	1,757	1,986	1,851	1,775	1,744	1,745	1,687	1,665	1,733	1,739	1,743	1,766	1,802	1,826	1,830
Government	1,793	1,820	1,843	1,876	1,870	1,905	1,935	2,012	2,083	2,114	2,096	2,121	2,137	2,164	2,123	2,114	2,053
Federal	926	978	1,010	1,074	1,075	1,103	1,143	1,237	1,269	1,281	1,263	1,267	1,271	1,288	1,242	1,220	1,197
Territorial	871	846	837	804	797	803	792	775	814	832	833	853	865	875	878	890	853

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Table C.2.3. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry, Guam
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	0.9	6.5	3.6	−3.7	0.7	2.0	0.4	2.3	0.1	2.1	1.7	1.8	0.8	0.2	0.9	−0.9
Private industries	0.5	9.8	4.8	−5.6	0.0	2.3	−1.8	1.4	−0.9	4.2	2.0	2.5	0.5	1.6	1.7	0.3
Construction	69.9	−18.4	−25.8	2.9	45.9	18.4	0.0	11.6	−8.0	5.9	8.7	2.1	−11.0	−11.9	−0.6	1.8
Wholesale and retail trade¹	12.4	8.8	0.7	−5.5	−3.7	7.0	−7.7	5.3	1.4	4.8	−4.2	2.0	3.5	4.0	3.4	−0.2
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	−6.6	17.3	−2.5	−4.8	−1.9	1.9	−3.6	7.1	4.1	2.9	9.7	10.6	4.2	6.8	2.7	0.4
Other private	−8.5	13.8	13.0	−6.8	−4.1	−1.8	0.1	−3.4	−1.3	4.1	0.3	0.2	1.3	2.1	1.3	0.2
Government	1.5	1.3	1.8	−0.3	1.9	1.6	4.0	3.5	1.5	−0.8	1.2	0.8	1.3	−1.9	−0.4	−2.9
Federal	5.6	3.3	6.3	0.1	2.6	3.6	8.2	2.6	1.0	−1.4	0.3	0.3	1.3	−3.5	−1.8	−1.9
Territorial	−2.8	−1.1	−3.9	−0.9	0.8	−1.4	−2.1	5.0	2.2	0.1	2.4	1.4	1.2	0.3	1.3	−4.1

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Table C.2.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry, Guam
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Percent change:
Gross domestic product	0.9	6.5	3.6	−3.7	0.7	2.0	0.4	2.3	0.1	2.1	1.7	1.8	0.8	0.2	0.9	−0.9
Percentage points:
Private industries	0.32	5.99	2.96	−3.54	0.00	1.42	−1.08	0.84	−0.54	2.48	1.22	1.50	0.31	0.94	1.06	0.21
Construction	2.80	−1.24	−1.39	0.12	2.08	1.19	0.00	0.85	−0.64	0.43	0.66	0.17	−0.91	−0.87	−0.04	0.12
Wholesale and retail trade¹	1.31	1.00	0.08	−0.61	−0.39	0.68	−0.79	0.51	0.15	0.49	−0.44	0.19	0.35	0.40	0.35	−0.02
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	−0.73	1.69	−0.26	−0.47	−0.18	0.17	−0.33	0.62	0.37	0.26	0.89	1.06	0.45	0.76	0.32	0.05
Other private	−3.06	4.54	4.55	−2.58	−1.51	−0.63	0.04	−1.14	−0.41	1.30	0.11	0.07	0.42	0.65	0.42	0.07
Government	0.57	0.50	0.67	−0.12	0.73	0.61	1.53	1.42	0.61	−0.34	0.46	0.31	0.50	−0.75	−0.17	−1.11
Federal	1.09	0.71	1.32	0.02	0.60	0.84	1.87	0.63	0.25	−0.35	0.07	0.08	0.30	−0.81	−0.40	−0.40
Territorial	−0.52	−0.20	−0.65	−0.14	0.13	−0.22	−0.33	0.78	0.36	0.01	0.39	0.23	0.21	0.06	0.23	−0.71

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Table C.2.5. Compensation of Employees by Industry, Guam
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Total compensation	1,905	2,095	2,134	2,216	2,283	2,412	2,542	2,668	2,811	2,863	2,909	2,970	3,098	3,239	3,264	3,335	3,379
Private industries	931	1,030	1,054	1,068	1,101	1,173	1,242	1,288	1,344	1,340	1,391	1,420	1,494	1,573	1,639	1,722	1,755
Construction	60	112	109	96	110	135	155	171	192	183	186	213	227	213	193	193	208
Wholesale and retail trade¹	197	227	241	242	247	245	260	255	270	278	298	294	307	330	350	367	367
Accommodations, food services, and amusements²	207	187	209	201	202	203	212	217	227	231	243	260	278	306	328	339	344
Other private	466	504	494	529	542	590	614	644	655	649	664	653	681	724	767	823	836
Government	974	1,065	1,081	1,148	1,183	1,239	1,301	1,381	1,467	1,523	1,518	1,550	1,604	1,666	1,625	1,613	1,624
Federal	471	555	573	622	629	657	706	760	814	847	843	844	866	902	864	857	874
Territorial	503	511	507	526	554	582	594	621	653	676	675	706	738	764	760	755	750

Previously labeled “distributive services.”
Previously labeled “accommodations and amusement.” Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71) and accommodations and food services (NAICS 72).

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI)

Real GDP increased 2.2 percent in 2019 (table D.1.3).

The growth in the USVI economy reflected increases in private fixed investment, exports, and consumer spending (table D.1.4).
Private fixed investment doubled from the previous year. A refinery and oil storage facility on St. Croix invested in major capital improvements during 2019. Additionally, disaster-related insurance payouts and federal assistance supported the reconstruction of homes and businesses that were destroyed or heavily damaged in 2017 by Hurricanes Irma and Maria.
Exports of services increased in 2019. This reflected an increase in visitor arrivals, as reported by the USVI government.
Consumer spending increased, reflecting growth in household purchases of goods, including motor vehicles and food and services, such as health care.

New estimates of GDP by industry and compensation by industry for 2018 were also included in the 2019 GDP news releases for each territory. These estimates, along with GDP for 2019, are presented in detail in the accompanying tables.⁵

Table D.1.1. Gross Domestic Product, U.S. Virgin Islands
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	3,262	3,443	3,797	4,428	4,484	4,784	4,244	4,201	4,324	4,223	4,089	3,738	3,565	3,663	3,798	3,794	3,900	4,068
Personal consumption expenditures	1,651	1,738	1,872	2,096	2,280	2,280	2,311	2,368	2,428	2,524	2,528	2,515	2,493	2,564	2,582	2,578	2,657	2,851
Goods	977	997	1,113	1,257	1,392	1,319	1,262	1,215	1,205	1,233	1,206	1,195	1,198	1,199	1,198	1,087	1,176	1,286
Durable goods	672	688	766	874	945	822	741	688	664	677	666	723	737	731	747	607	694	795
Nondurable goods	305	309	347	383	447	497	520	527	541	556	540	472	462	468	451	479	482	491
Foods, feeds, and beverages	193	192	220	229	243	258	264	277	288	305	322	319	324	332	322	327	332	360
Other nondurable goods	112	117	126	154	204	239	257	250	253	251	219	153	138	136	129	153	150	131
Services	1,552	1,665	1,753	1,891	1,964	2,075	2,184	2,156	2,233	2,323	2,402	2,437	2,455	2,554	2,577	2,468	2,304	2,593
Housing and utilities	407	432	461	498	526	587	632	653	655	710	745	789	791	829	826	829	862	869
Health care	121	131	150	163	175	189	216	231	243	268	288	292	285	305	315	293	253	292
Food services and accommodations	389	428	459	491	510	515	538	507	542	551	568	577	599	623	623	566	374	533
Other services	636	674	682	739	753	784	797	764	792	793	801	780	780	797	814	780	814	899
Net foreign travel	−878	−925	−994	−1,052	−1,077	−1,114	−1,135	−1,004	−1,011	−1,032	−1,080	−1,117	−1,160	−1,188	−1,193	−976	−823	−1,028
Private fixed investment	516	399	461	578	633	569	521	437	411	390	292	298	300	286	274	303	480	999
Change in private inventories	−73	27	33	−5	−30	−540	180	210	−267	104	114	149	−6	−168	625	878	1,168	671
Net exports of goods and services	381	542	685	983	703	1,474	190	76	534	58	129	−267	−269	−54	−730	−1,178	−2,064	−1,909
Exports	4,809	6,520	8,604	11,632	12,730	14,141	18,412	10,717	12,945	14,371	3,278	2,525	2,794	1,525	1,786	2,403	2,085	2,203
Goods	3,911	5,575	7,587	10,556	11,628	13,002	17,255	9,696	11,922	13,329	2,186	1,395	1,623	329	585	1,418	1,252	1,167
Services	898	945	1,017	1,076	1,102	1,139	1,157	1,021	1,023	1,043	1,091	1,130	1,171	1,196	1,201	985	833	1,036
Imports	4,428	5,977	7,919	10,650	12,027	12,667	18,222	10,641	12,411	14,313	3,149	2,792	3,063	1,580	2,517	3,580	4,149	4,112
Goods	4,140	5,651	7,547	10,243	11,615	12,251	17,861	10,310	12,067	13,943	2,932	2,570	2,843	1,367	2,291	3,268	3,680	3,650
Services	288	326	372	407	412	415	361	331	343	371	217	222	220	213	226	313	468	462
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	788	737	746	777	898	1,000	1,043	1,110	1,218	1,147	1,026	1,043	1,048	1,035	1,048	1,212	1,659	1,456
Federal	77	92	104	107	110	115	121	136	175	166	161	159	141	150	147	208	242	189
Territorial	711	645	641	670	789	885	922	974	1,043	981	865	884	907	884	901	1,004	1,417	1,267^p

(p): Fiscal year 2019 audited financial statements for the primary government and various independent agencies were not available in time for incorporation into these estimates. Preliminary estimates of territorial government spending are based on information collected from budget documents, unaudited operating and financial statements, reports on federal grant expenditures, including disaster assistance grants, and the USVI government's Open Finance website.

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table D.1.2. Real Gross Domestic Product, Chained Dollars, U.S. Virgin Islands
[Millions of chained (2012) dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product (GDP)	4,797	4,778	4,935	5,107	5,286	5,498	5,565	5,198	5,229	4,800	4,089	3,832	3,764	3,748	3,808	3,780	3,840	3,925
Personal consumption expenditures	2,295	2,352	2,455	2,646	2,807	2,660	2,545	2,606	2,637	2,614	2,528	2,454	2,427	2,479	2,472	2,417	2,431	2,571
Goods	1,293	1,331	1,481	1,641	1,758	1,597	1,418	1,358	1,322	1,271	1,206	1,194	1,211	1,229	1,212	1,075	1,145	1,239
Durable goods	824	864	965	1,098	1,170	974	821	747	715	687	666	724	760	770	759	611	700	801
Nondurable goods	469	463	512	533	579	618	595	610	607	584	540	470	452	460	454	464	447	444
Foods, feeds, and beverages	269	264	298	297	296	307	295	307	318	324	322	309	304	299	293	285	281	291
Other nondurable goods	196	196	208	233	282	313	301	304	289	260	219	160	146	161	162	186	170	153
Services	2,137	2,201	2,248	2,326	2,348	2,359	2,370	2,328	2,381	2,397	2,402	2,367	2,366	2,421	2,427	2,287	2,090	2,316
Housing and utilities	652	660	680	709	747	751	727	759	752	758	745	744	752	770	770	758	771	767
Health care	166	168	182	191	200	207	229	239	248	271	288	289	281	299	307	282	243	279
Food services and accommodations	508	549	566	585	586	566	580	542	572	567	568	565	572	579	575	511	331	457
Other services	806	816	814	837	818	836	834	790	810	802	801	769	761	773	774	735	749	815
Net foreign travel	−1,129	−1,173	−1,264	−1,308	−1,283	−1,285	−1,238	−1,078	−1,066	−1,055	−1,080	−1,107	−1,151	−1,172	−1,168	−946	−793	−979
Private fixed investment	686	517	571	673	696	603	538	452	425	394	292	293	289	274	261	284	437	876
Change in private inventories	−311	95	89	−10	−49	−797	203	385	−380	108	114	150	−7	−313	1,342	1,557	1,737	1,046
Net exports of goods and services	1,386	1,562	1,492	1,355	1,337	2,542	1,860	1,124	1,736	840	129	−89	94	159	−708	−921	−1,674	−1,482
Exports	17,456	20,353	21,678	21,851	20,717	20,793	21,097	18,996	18,218	15,171	3,278	2,741	3,228	2,063	2,485	3,133	2,496	2,710
Goods	16,274	19,422	20,650	20,754	19,610	19,688	20,062	18,115	17,332	14,231	2,186	1,608	2,084	614	1,214	2,597	1,996	1,970
Services	1,160	1,202	1,295	1,338	1,314	1,314	1,261	1,097	1,079	1,066	1,091	1,119	1,161	1,180	1,177	955	803	987
Imports	16,070	18,791	20,185	20,496	19,380	18,251	19,238	17,872	16,482	14,331	3,149	2,830	3,134	1,903	3,192	4,054	4,169	4,192
Goods	15,606	18,360	19,723	20,015	18,905	17,765	18,846	17,495	16,091	13,960	2,932	2,611	2,925	1,686	2,990	3,780	3,758	3,816
Services	433	460	495	509	495	496	411	393	396	373	217	219	211	202	216	287	403	374
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	1,029	918	938	941	986	1,075	1,086	1,141	1,199	1,129	1,026	1,011	983	962	956	1,079	1,418	1,200
Federal	113	124	135	130	127	128	131	146	182	167	161	157	137	144	139	191	214	163
Territorial	912	792	803	810	857	945	953	993	1,017	961	865	854	846	818	817	889	1,204	1,036^p
Addenda:
Population (thousands)¹	110.0	110.7	111.5	111.5	113.7	114.7	115.9	107.3	106.4	105.9	105.4	105.3	105.1	104.9	104.7	104.5	104.2	103.9
Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)	43,609	43,162	44,260	45,803	46,491	47,934	48,016	48,444	49,145	45,326	38,795	36,391	35,814	35,729	36,371	36,172	36,852	37,777

(p): Fiscal year 2019 audited financial statements for the primary government and various independent agencies were not available in time for incorporation into these estimates. Preliminary estimates of territorial government spending are based on information collected from budget documents, unaudited operating and financial statements, reports on federal grant expenditures, including disaster assistance grants, and the USVI government's Open Finance website.

Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates based on data from the U.S. Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research and the U.S. Census Bureau.

Table D.1.3. Percent Change From Preceding Year in Real Gross Domestic Product, U.S. Virgin Islands
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	−0.4	3.3	3.5	3.5	4.0	1.2	−6.6	0.6	−8.2	−14.8	−6.3	−1.8	−0.4	1.6	−0.7	1.6	2.2
Personal consumption expenditures	2.5	4.4	7.8	6.1	−5.2	−4.3	2.4	1.2	−0.9	−3.3	−2.9	−1.1	2.1	−0.3	−2.2	0.6	5.8
Goods	2.9	11.3	10.8	7.1	−9.1	−11.2	−4.2	−2.6	−3.9	−5.1	−1.0	1.4	1.5	−1.4	−11.3	6.4	8.3
Durable goods	4.9	11.6	13.9	6.5	−16.7	−15.8	−9.0	−4.3	−3.9	−3.1	8.8	4.9	1.4	−1.4	−19.6	14.6	14.5
Nondurable goods	−1.3	10.4	4.2	8.5	6.9	−3.8	2.6	−0.5	−3.8	−7.5	−13.0	−3.8	1.6	−1.3	2.3	−3.7	−0.6
Foods, feeds, and beverages	−1.9	12.9	−0.3	−0.3	3.6	−3.8	4.0	3.6	1.9	−0.6	−4.0	−1.5	−1.8	−1.9	−2.7	−1.4	3.5
Other nondurable goods	−0.1	6.3	11.8	21.5	10.7	−3.8	1.2	−5.0	−10.0	−15.9	−26.8	−8.7	10.2	0.3	14.8	−8.3	−10.0
Services	3.0	2.2	3.5	0.9	0.5	0.5	−1.8	2.3	0.7	0.2	−1.4	−0.1	2.3	0.2	−5.8	−8.6	10.8
Housing and utilities	1.2	3.1	4.3	5.3	0.6	−3.3	4.5	−1.0	0.8	−1.7	−0.1	1.0	2.4	0.0	−1.5	1.7	−0.5
Health care	1.3	8.2	4.7	4.8	3.4	10.9	4.4	3.8	9.1	6.4	0.4	−2.8	6.6	2.7	−8.1	−14.0	14.8
Food services and accommodations	8.1	3.1	3.3	0.1	−3.3	2.4	−6.5	5.5	−0.8	0.2	−0.7	1.3	1.2	−0.7	−11.1	−35.3	38.4
Other services	1.3	−0.3	2.8	−2.2	2.2	−0.3	−5.2	2.5	−1.0	−0.2	−4.0	−1.1	1.6	0.2	−5.1	1.9	8.8
Net foreign travel	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Private fixed investment	−24.6	10.4	18.0	3.4	−13.4	−10.8	−16.1	−6.0	−7.1	−25.9	0.2	−1.3	−5.0	−4.7	8.7	53.6	100.6
Change in private inventories	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Net exports of goods and services	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
Exports	16.6	6.5	0.8	−5.2	0.4	1.5	−10.0	−4.1	−16.7	−78.4	−16.4	17.8	−36.1	20.5	26.1	−20.3	8.6
Goods	19.3	6.3	0.5	−5.5	0.4	1.9	−9.7	−4.3	−17.9	−84.6	−26.5	29.7	−70.6	97.9	113.9	−23.2	−1.3
Services	3.6	7.7	3.3	−1.8	0.0	−4.0	−13.0	−1.6	−1.3	2.4	2.6	3.7	1.7	−0.3	−18.8	−16.0	23.0
Imports	16.9	7.4	1.5	−5.4	−5.8	5.4	−7.1	−7.8	−13.1	−78.0	−10.1	10.7	−39.3	67.7	27.0	2.8	0.6
Goods	17.7	7.4	1.5	−5.5	−6.0	6.1	−7.2	−8.0	−13.2	−79.0	−10.9	12.0	−42.3	77.4	26.4	−0.6	1.6
Services	6.1	7.5	2.9	−2.6	0.2	−17.3	−4.3	0.7	−5.8	−41.9	0.8	−3.7	−3.9	6.9	32.9	40.2	−7.1
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	−10.8	2.3	0.3	4.8	9.1	1.0	5.1	5.1	−5.9	−9.1	−1.4	−2.7	−2.2	−0.6	12.9	31.4	−15.4
Federal	10.5	8.2	−3.5	−1.8	0.6	2.1	11.7	24.8	−8.4	−3.8	−2.1	−13.1	5.1	−3.6	37.7	12.4	−24.0
Territorial	−13.1	1.4	0.9	5.8	10.3	0.8	4.2	2.4	−5.5	−10.0	−1.3	−0.9	−3.4	0.0	8.8	35.4	-13.9^p

(p): Fiscal year 2019 audited financial statements for the primary government and various independent agencies were not available in time for incorporation into these estimates. Preliminary estimates of territorial government spending are based on information collected from budget documents, unaudited operating and financial statements, reports on federal grant expenditures, including disaster assistance grants, and the USVI government's Open Finance website.

Table D.1.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product, U.S. Virgin Islands
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Percent change:
Gross domestic product	−0.4	3.3	3.5	3.5	4.0	1.2	−6.6	0.6	−8.2	−14.8	−6.3	−1.8	−0.4	1.6	−0.7	1.6	2.2
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures	1.25	2.19	3.74	2.95	−2.70	−2.29	1.26	0.68	−0.48	−1.80	−1.85	−0.77	1.50	−0.18	−1.53	0.38	3.93
Goods	0.85	3.18	3.05	2.08	−2.86	−3.47	−1.23	−0.76	−1.06	−1.37	−0.30	0.46	0.49	−0.45	−3.59	1.85	2.48
Durable goods	0.97	2.27	2.67	1.31	−3.55	−3.02	−1.54	−0.70	−0.60	−0.45	1.44	0.95	0.29	−0.29	−3.86	2.32	2.56
Nondurable goods	−0.12	0.92	0.38	0.78	0.69	−0.44	0.31	−0.07	−0.47	−0.91	−1.74	−0.49	0.21	−0.16	0.28	−0.47	−0.07
Foods, feeds, and beverages	−0.11	0.71	−0.02	−0.02	0.20	−0.23	0.24	0.24	0.12	−0.04	−0.32	−0.13	−0.17	−0.17	−0.24	−0.12	0.30
Other nondurable goods	0.00	0.21	0.39	0.79	0.49	−0.22	0.07	−0.30	−0.59	−0.87	−1.42	−0.36	0.37	0.01	0.51	−0.34	−0.38
Services	1.41	1.03	1.57	0.40	0.20	0.23	−0.89	1.17	0.34	0.10	−0.87	−0.04	1.61	0.16	−3.93	−5.62	6.39
Housing and utilities	0.15	0.39	0.50	0.60	0.07	−0.46	0.64	−0.15	0.13	−0.27	−0.02	0.20	0.54	0.00	−0.33	0.38	−0.11
Health care	0.05	0.31	0.18	0.18	0.13	0.47	0.22	0.21	0.49	0.37	0.03	−0.22	0.52	0.22	−0.68	−1.08	0.95
Food services and accommodations	0.95	0.39	0.39	0.01	−0.38	0.28	−0.80	0.66	−0.10	0.03	−0.09	0.20	0.20	−0.11	−1.83	−5.31	3.71
Other services	0.26	−0.06	0.49	−0.39	0.37	−0.06	−0.95	0.46	−0.18	−0.03	−0.79	−0.22	0.35	0.05	−1.09	0.38	1.84
Net foreign travel	−1.02	−2.03	−0.88	0.46	−0.04	0.95	3.37	0.27	0.24	−0.54	−0.68	−1.19	−0.61	0.11	5.99	4.15	−4.94
Private fixed investment	−3.84	1.20	2.13	0.47	−1.90	−1.39	−1.92	−0.61	−0.65	−2.18	0.02	−0.11	−0.42	−0.37	0.63	4.33	12.52
Change in private inventories	3.15	−0.05	−1.09	−0.51	−10.56	17.65	2.99	−11.22	8.96	0.12	0.89	−3.89	−5.91	22.16	2.91	2.91	−11.55
Net exports of goods and services	1.64	−0.52	−1.35	−0.29	17.37	−12.98	−10.16	10.39	−14.45	−8.72	−4.97	3.78	5.06	−19.87	−6.32	−16.24	3.91
Exports	25.74	13.41	1.97	−14.90	1.08	5.41	−34.56	−11.67	−55.90	−247.28	−12.77	11.84	−25.42	8.39	12.54	−13.44	4.49
Goods	24.75	11.34	1.12	−14.44	1.08	6.47	−31.11	−11.27	−55.61	−247.82	−13.47	10.72	−25.96	8.48	18.51	−9.30	−0.40
Services	0.99	2.07	0.86	−0.46	0.00	−1.06	−3.45	−0.40	−0.29	0.54	0.70	1.13	0.55	−0.09	−5.97	−4.14	4.90
Imports	−24.09	−13.93	−3.33	14.61	16.29	−18.39	24.41	22.06	41.45	238.56	7.80	−8.06	30.47	−28.26	−18.86	−2.81	−0.58
Goods	−23.55	−13.22	−3.05	14.36	16.31	−20.04	24.06	22.12	40.98	235.22	7.85	−8.28	30.23	−27.86	−16.87	0.60	−1.45
Services	−0.55	−0.71	−0.28	0.25	−0.02	1.65	0.35	−0.06	0.47	3.34	−0.05	0.22	0.24	−0.39	−1.99	−3.41	0.87
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	−2.60	0.47	0.05	0.89	1.81	0.22	1.22	1.37	−1.59	−2.23	−0.37	−0.79	−0.65	−0.15	3.58	10.20	−6.62
Federal	0.25	0.22	−0.09	−0.05	0.01	0.05	0.33	0.80	−0.33	−0.14	−0.08	−0.57	0.20	−0.15	1.48	0.69	−1.50
Territorial	−2.85	0.25	0.15	0.94	1.80	0.17	0.89	0.56	−1.26	−2.09	−0.28	−0.22	−0.85	−0.01	2.11	9.51	-5.12^p

(p): Fiscal year 2019 audited financial statements for the primary government and various independent agencies were not available in time for incorporation into these estimates. Preliminary estimates of territorial government spending are based on information collected from budget documents, unaudited operating and financial statements, reports on federal grant expenditures, including disaster assistance grants, and the USVI government's Open Finance website.

Table D.1.5. Percent Change From Preceding Year in Prices for Gross Domestic Product, U.S. Virgin Islands
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Gross domestic product	5.9	6.8	12.7	−2.2	2.6	−12.3	6.0	2.3	6.4	13.7	−2.5	−2.9	3.2	2.1	0.6	1.2	2.1
Personal consumption expenditures	2.7	3.2	3.8	2.6	5.5	5.9	0.1	1.3	4.9	3.6	2.5	0.3	0.7	0.9	2.1	2.5	1.4

Table D.1.6. Revisions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product, U.S. Virgin Islands
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Percent change:
Revised	−0.4	3.3	3.5	3.5	4.0	1.2	−6.6	0.6	−8.2	−14.8	−6.3	−1.8	−0.4	1.6	−0.7	1.6
Previously published	−0.3	2.9	3.6	3.6	4.0	0.9	−6.6	0.9	−8.2	−15.0	−5.8	−0.9	0.3	1.2	−0.6	1.5
Percentage points:
Revision	−0.1	0.4	−0.1	−0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0	−0.3	0.0	0.2	−0.5	−0.9	−0.7	0.4	−0.1	0.1

Table D.2.1. Value Added by Industry, U.S. Virgin Islands
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	3,262	3,443	3,797	4,428	4,484	4,784	4,244	4,201	4,324	4,223	4,089	3,738	3,565	3,663	3,798	3,794	3,900
Private industries	2,647	2,755	3,125	3,743	3,716	4,004	3,441	3,378	3,452	3,388	3,330	2,986	2,815	2,865	2,973	3,008	3,191
Goods-producing industries	705	721	1,015	1,473	1,430	1,471	991	1,046	1,025	944	823	556	448	386	336	373	662
Services-producing industries	1,943	2,034	2,110	2,269	2,286	2,533	2,450	2,332	2,426	2,443	2,507	2,430	2,367	2,479	2,638	2,635	2,529
Wholesale and retail trade	350	342	362	403	418	449	435	408	413	422	411	411	405	398	394	381	380
Accommodation and food services	267	284	308	325	330	405	424	400	428	436	450	454	470	486	483	436	288
Other services, except government	1,326	1,408	1,441	1,542	1,538	1,678	1,591	1,524	1,585	1,585	1,646	1,565	1,493	1,596	1,760	1,818	1,861
Government	615	688	672	686	768	779	803	823	872	835	759	752	750	797	825	786	709
Federal	83	92	108	112	117	120	125	130	140	138	138	139	135	144	141	140	146
Territorial	532	596	564	574	651	659	678	693	732	697	621	613	615	654	684	646	563

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table D.2.2. Real Value Added by Industry, U.S. Virgin Islands
[Millions of chained (2012) dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	4,797	4,778	4,935	5,107	5,286	5,498	5,565	5,198	5,229	4,800	4,089	3,832	3,764	3,748	3,808	3,780	3,840
Private industries	4,048	3,968	4,135	4,317	4,489	4,698	4,751	4,381	4,409	3,989	3,330	3,105	3,067	3,025	3,076	3,101	3,275
Goods-producing industries	1,598	1,385	1,515	1,554	1,798	1,783	2,031	1,870	1,806	1,366	823	559	435	363	312	338	583
Services-producing industries	2,560	2,622	2,679	2,825	2,751	2,973	2,834	2,616	2,681	2,608	2,507	2,548	2,646	2,685	2,796	2,792	2,680
Wholesale and retail trade	432	414	424	457	462	492	469	432	433	434	411	407	398	384	383	371	367
Accommodation and food services	342	360	380	387	382	450	470	416	445	454	450	441	444	438	428	376	241
Other services, except government	1,794	1,859	1,885	1,992	1,914	2,037	1,898	1,773	1,806	1,720	1,646	1,700	1,812	1,880	2,015	2,092	2,159
Government	775	826	822	820	830	838	845	832	836	811	759	724	694	717	725	680	588
Federal	119	122	137	136	136	134	136	137	143	138	138	137	130	134	131	126	127
Territorial	656	702	685	683	693	703	708	694	693	673	621	586	563	583	595	553	462

Table D.2.3. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry, U.S. Virgin Islands
[Percent]
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Gross domestic product	−0.4	3.3	3.5	3.5	4.0	1.2	−6.6	0.6	−8.2	−14.8	−6.3	−1.8	−0.4	1.6	−0.7	1.6
Private industries	−2.0	4.2	4.4	4.0	4.7	1.1	−7.8	0.6	−9.5	−16.5	−6.8	−1.2	−1.4	1.7	0.8	5.6
Goods-producing industries	−13.3	9.4	2.6	15.7	−0.8	13.9	−7.9	−3.4	−24.4	−39.7	−32.0	−22.3	−16.5	−14.1	8.5	72.5
Services-producing industries	2.5	2.2	5.5	−2.6	8.1	−4.7	−7.7	2.5	−2.7	−3.9	1.6	3.9	1.5	4.1	−0.1	−4.0
Wholesale and retail trade	−4.3	2.5	7.8	1.1	6.4	−4.7	−7.9	0.2	0.3	−5.3	−0.9	−2.2	−3.4	−0.4	−3.0	−1.2
Accommodation and food services	5.4	5.4	1.8	−1.3	17.9	4.4	−11.5	7.1	2.0	−0.8	−2.0	0.7	−1.4	−2.4	−12.1	−35.9
Other services, except government	3.6	1.4	5.7	−3.9	6.4	−6.8	−6.6	1.9	−4.7	−4.3	3.3	6.5	3.7	7.2	3.8	3.2
Government	6.6	−0.5	−0.3	1.3	0.9	0.8	−1.5	0.5	−3.0	−6.5	−4.6	−4.1	3.4	1.2	−6.3	−13.5
Federal	3.2	12.2	−0.8	−0.1	−1.7	1.9	0.6	4.2	−3.3	−0.5	−0.2	−5.3	3.2	−2.7	−3.1	0.8
Territorial	7.2	−2.5	−0.2	1.5	1.4	0.6	−1.9	−0.2	−2.9	−7.7	−5.6	−3.9	3.4	2.1	−6.9	−16.6

Table D.2.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry, U.S. Virgin Islands
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Percent change:
Gross domestic product	−0.4	3.3	3.5	3.5	4.0	1.2	−6.6	0.6	−8.2	−14.8	−6.3	−1.8	−0.4	1.6	−0.7	1.6
Percentage points:
Private industries	−1.60	3.41	3.66	3.31	3.86	0.95	−6.32	0.51	−7.68	−13.69	−5.47	−0.96	−1.08	1.30	0.65	4.43
Goods-producing industries	−3.04	2.17	0.76	4.71	−0.25	3.59	−1.95	−0.85	−6.17	−11.59	−6.46	−3.42	−2.07	−1.48	0.75	7.18
Services-producing industries	1.43	1.24	2.90	−1.39	4.12	−2.65	−4.37	1.36	−1.51	−2.10	0.99	2.46	0.99	2.78	−0.10	−2.76
Wholesale and retail trade	−0.45	0.25	0.71	0.10	0.60	−0.48	−0.79	0.02	0.03	−0.49	−0.09	−0.25	−0.39	−0.05	−0.31	−0.12
Accommodation and food services	0.43	0.44	0.14	−0.10	1.33	0.39	−1.15	0.66	0.19	−0.08	−0.22	0.08	−0.19	−0.32	−1.55	−4.17
Other services, except government	1.46	0.56	2.05	−1.40	2.19	−2.57	−2.43	0.68	−1.73	−1.53	1.30	2.63	1.57	3.14	1.77	1.53
Government	1.24	−0.09	−0.05	0.21	0.15	0.15	−0.28	0.10	−0.58	−1.15	−0.88	−0.86	0.71	0.26	−1.37	−2.83
Federal	0.08	0.32	−0.02	0.00	−0.04	0.05	0.02	0.13	−0.10	−0.02	−0.01	−0.20	0.12	−0.11	−0.12	0.03
Territorial	1.16	−0.42	−0.03	0.21	0.20	0.09	−0.30	−0.04	−0.47	−1.14	−0.88	−0.66	0.59	0.37	−1.25	−2.86

Table D.2.5. Compensation of Employees by Industry, U.S. Virgin Islands
[Millions of dollars]
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Total compensation	1,658	1,652	1,751	1,896	2,033	2,139	2,185	2,114	2,244	2,197	2,040	1,886	1,893	1,936	1,998	2,012	2,087
Private industries	1,049	1,003	1,123	1,257	1,306	1,399	1,411	1,318	1,393	1,386	1,319	1,164	1,163	1,169	1,213	1,225	1,292
Goods-producing industries	261	187	223	286	329	369	340	309	317	302	275	110	103	109	108	166	284
Services-producing industries	788	816	900	971	978	1,030	1,070	1,008	1,076	1,084	1,045	1,054	1,060	1,060	1,104	1,060	1,008
Wholesale and retail trade	169	172	184	189	191	201	205	197	198	209	209	237	223	213	207	198	197
Accommodation and food services	154	167	180	186	190	208	217	191	204	208	212	214	222	243	248	234	128
Other services, except government	464	477	535	596	596	621	649	620	674	668	624	603	616	604	649	627	683
Government	609	649	628	639	727	740	774	797	851	811	721	723	730	768	786	787	795
Federal	81	90	106	110	115	118	123	129	139	137	136	136	132	140	138	135	141
Territorial	528	559	522	529	611	622	651	668	712	674	585	586	598	627	648	651	654

Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

The assistance and information provided by each of the territorial governments and the support from OIA will continue to be critical to the success of this project. See “Acknowledgments” for a list of key contributors.

In the near term, BEA is collaborating with the territorial governments and OIA to identify statistical improvement opportunities. Advances that support the development of high quality, more timely economic indicators for territorial decisionmakers will also improve the data used in the GDP estimates.

In the long term, BEA's goal is to integrate all of the territories into the full set of U.S. NIPAs. Although the inclusion of the U.S. territories in more federal economic surveys remains a key challenge, a recent achievement by the Bureau was the development and publication of prototype GDP statistics for Puerto Rico; see “Spotlight: Puerto Rico GDP.” With this step, BEA is estimating GDP for all five territories using modern national accounting methods, enabling direct comparisons with other BEA statistics.

Spotlight: Puerto Rico GDP

Prototype Puerto Rico GDP estimates released in 2020

[Click chart to expand]

In September 2020 BEA published prototype estimates of Puerto Rico GDP. This release represented a major step by the Bureau to develop comprehensive economic accounts for Puerto Rico that are consistent with international guidelines and that are directly comparable to data for national GDP, state GDP, and GDP for the other U.S. territories. This release, which is available on the BEA website, was produced in both English and Spanish.

Puerto Rico GDP, 2012–2018

As measured by real GDP, Puerto Rico's economy grew in 2013 and 2014 and then declined in each year after, with the steepest decline in 2017, the year of Hurricanes Maria and Irma. Real GDP growth rates are shown in chart A.

Data and methodology

As is the case for the other U.S. territories, the estimation of Puerto Rico GDP is subject to data limitations not faced by the states and the District of Columbia. BEA staff have worked to identify the best available data needed to measure the components of Puerto Rico GDP. The Puerto Rico government has been a partner in this ongoing effort. Puerto Rico GDP data sources are described in the “Summary of Methodologies” available on the BEA website.

Upon the release of these estimates in September 2020, the public was invited to submit comments on the prototype statistics by emailing territories@bea.gov. BEA also held a technical seminar upon the release of the estimates and issued a Federal Register notice to solicit feedback that has helped improve the data sources and methodologies used in preparing these statistics.

BEA anticipates publishing Puerto Rico GDP statistics for 2019 and updates to 2012–2018 later this year. BEA is also researching the feasibility of future enhancements to the Puerto Rico GDP data products and the estimation of related measures, such as gross national product.

The methodologies used to estimate GDP for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands are consistent with the methods used to estimate GDP for the United States (excluding the territories). Information from the U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census of Island Areas (ECIA) is used to establish levels of spending for specific components for the benchmark years 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. For other years, annual estimates are developed using a combination of data sets collected by BEA from federal agencies, the territorial governments, and private sector sources. These data sets are listed in appendix tables A–D.

The U.S. territories are not included in many federal economic data sources used in national (or state-level) GDP. BEA relies on territorial government data in conjunction with the limited federal data that are available for its annual estimates of territory GDP. As noted in a May 2021 Survey of Current Business article, there are a number of implications to BEA's reliance on territorial government data.⁶ Notably, in addition to having distinct key industries and economic structures, each territory has a different set of survey and administrative data. Thus, while rooted in the same core expenditure-based GDP estimation framework that is used for BEA's national estimates, the specific methods and information used for each territory are unique to that territory's economic structure and available data.

Estimates of Current-Dollar GDP

Personal consumption expenditures

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE), or “consumer spending,” measures the goods and services purchased by “persons”—that is, by households and by nonprofit institutions serving households (NPISHs)—who are resident in each territory.

ECIA data on the consumer shares of sales by industry are used to benchmark the estimates of household purchases of most goods and selected services. However, for multiple categories of services, the ECIA does not fully reflect all consumer expenditures measured in GDP and so other data sources are used to benchmark these estimates. These other data sources are described below.

For services sold by governments, including hospital services, utility services, and higher education services, the data sources used to establish levels of spending for benchmark years are the same as the annual data sources listed in appendix tables A–D.

Data sources covering consumer purchases of housing services, financial services, and insurance services are currently limited. For these estimates, spending in most years is interpolated or extrapolated using broad nominal indicators of spending such as resident population multiplied by a relevant consumer price index. Data sources that are used to establish the levels of these services for select years are described below.

For housing services, information on the number of owner- and tenant-occupied housing units and average rental rates reported in the decennial Census of Population and Housing is used to estimate values in census years. When available, intercensal household expenditure surveys conducted by the territorial governments that report number of housing units and household spending on rents are also used.

For financial services, a key data source used to estimate spending on banking services was the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation call report data. However, commercial bank mergers and acquisitions that cut across territories and states have created challenges in using these data to estimate more recent years of spending, as the activity of establishments in a single territory are no longer separately identified in most cases.

For insurance services, private-sector data sources on premiums collected by type of insurance were used in the calculation of consumer spending for some territories. However, these data sources are no longer available. Territorial government offices of the insurance commissioner may have more recent data that can be used to update and improve the estimates of insurance services; more research needs to be conducted in this area.

Note that the goods and services estimates described in this section can reflect on-island spending by both residents and nonresidents. To ensure that aggregate PCE reflects spending by residents of each territory (including their spending while traveling abroad), foreign travel expenditures by residents must be added and expenditures by nonresidents must be removed.⁷ Net foreign travel equals foreign travel expenditures by residents less expenditures in the territory by nonresidents and is shown as a separate series in the PCE tables for each territory. For American Samoa, Guam, and the CNMI, resident spending abroad is benchmarked using information from household surveys conducted by the territorial governments. For the USVI, resident spending abroad is estimated for all years using USVI resident spending data from Puerto Rico's balance-of-payment accounts and a scaling factor to capture spending by USVI residents in locations other than Puerto Rico. Data sources used to benchmark nonresident spending in each territory include visitor exit surveys conducted by the territorial governments and ECIA data on shares of sales to visitors by industry.

Private fixed investment

Private fixed investment (PFI) measures spending by private businesses, nonprofit institutions, and households on structures and equipment that are used in the production of goods and services.

ECIA data on capital expenditures by private-sector establishments are used to benchmark most of PFI. Construction of new homes is not covered in the ECIA capital expenditures data except when it is intended to be used as rental property for the real estate industry. Investment in new homes is benchmarked separately using ECIA product line data for the construction sector or territorial government data for residential building permits.

Change in private inventories

Change in private inventories (CIPI) is a measure of the value in current prices of the change in the physical volume of the inventories—additions less withdrawals—that businesses maintain to support their production and distribution activities.

Because of limited data, CIPI, or “inventory investment,” is estimated only for commodities that are especially significant to the territorial economy, can be stored for a relatively long time, and account for a substantial share of imports of goods. For American Samoa, this includes cannery supplies such as tin plates that are used to manufacture cans for tuna. For the USVI, this includes crude oil and other petroleum products that are stored at the refinery and oil storage facility in St. Croix.

There is currently no annual data available on the physical stocks of these products. Therefore, inventory investment is estimated based on imports, exports, and domestic consumption of these products. The key data sources used are listed in appendix tables A and D.

Net exports of goods and services

Net exports represents the difference between a territory's exports and its imports. Exports measures the portion of total production of goods and services in a territory that is provided to the rest of the world (including other countries, the 50 states and the District of Columbia, and other U.S. territories); imports measures the portion of total expenditures in a territory that is accounted for by goods and services provided by the rest of the world.

For exports of goods to the rest of the United States (that is, the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. territories), all years reflect values for shipments published in the Census Bureau's U.S. Trade with Puerto Rico and U.S. Possessions (FT895) reports. For exports of goods to other countries, the Census Bureau's U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services (FT900) report covers shipments from the USVI and Puerto Rico only. For the other three territories, data on exports of goods to other countries are produced by the territorial governments.

For imports of goods from the rest of the United States and from other countries, the FT895 and FT900 cover shipments to the USVI and Puerto Rico only. For the other three territories, data on imports of goods are produced by the territorial governments. The data vary greatly in coverage, detail, and timeliness.⁸

The estimates of exports of services primarily reflect spending by visitors, which is estimated using the same data sources that are described above in the net foreign travel component of PCE. For American Samoa, exports of services also includes an estimate of services provided to foreign ships by the government port authority. Information on exports of other services is limited.

The estimates of imports of services include freight and insurance charges on imported goods, business and personal insurance services, construction-related services (for example, architectural, design, and other support services), and travel and transportation services. For the CNMI, imports of services also includes other business services that are assumed to be purchased primarily by the casino industry. These imports are derived by comparing estimates of intermediate expenses of CNMI businesses, including casinos, with information on revenues of establishments located in the CNMI; intermediate expenses that are not paid to CNMI businesses must be imported.⁹

Like PCE insurance services, data sources covering imports of insurance services are limited. Private-sector data sources are used when available; other years are extrapolated using broad nominal indicators such as employment.

Imports of construction-related services is the value of construction spending that reflects support services produced elsewhere. This equals the difference between the value of all construction spending (that is, the sum of private-sector investment in structures and government investment in structures) and the value of construction performed by domestic construction establishments.¹⁰ Except for American Samoa, the value of construction performed by domestic construction establishments is benchmarked using information on construction-sector revenues from the ECIA. For American Samoa, imports of construction services cannot be benchmarked in this manner due to limitations in the detailed construction-sector data from the ECIA.¹¹ Instead, imports of construction services are estimated for years in which they are assumed to be substantial, using government financial statements and news reports.

Imports of travel and transportation services are estimated using the same data sources that are described above in the net foreign travel component of PCE. For American Samoa, imports of services also includes territorial government imports of transportation services.

The key annual data sources used to estimate exports and imports are listed in appendix tables A–D.

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment—or “government spending”—measures final expenditures accounted for by the territorial government (including the primary government and its component units) and the U.S. federal government.

Government consumption expenditures consists of spending by government agencies, except government enterprises, to provide goods and services to the public.¹² Consumption expenditures includes compensation of government employees, consumption of fixed capital, and purchases of intermediate goods and services. Sales to other sectors, which is the value of goods and services sold to the household and business sectors, is netted out to prevent double-counting of the expenditures across the components of GDP.

Gross investment consists of spending by all government agencies, including government enterprises, for structures and equipment that are used in producing the goods and services provided by the government.

The key data sources used to estimate federal government spending and territorial government spending are listed in appendix tables A–D.

Estimates of Real GDP

Inflation-adjusted, or “real”, estimates of GDP and its components are derived within a chain-type Fisher index framework.¹³ For most of the detailed components of GDP, inflation-adjusted estimates are calculated by deflating each component using an appropriate price index. Because of the limited availability of price indexes that are specific to the territories, U.S. price indexes are used for deflation in many cases. The territorial governments each produce their own consumer price indexes, which BEA uses within the estimates of consumer spending, but there are no producer price indexes for any territory, nor are there price indexes that cover trade in goods and services between each of the territories and the rest of the United States.

Personal consumption expenditures

Consumer price indexes (CPI) produced by the territorial governments are used to deflate many detailed components of consumer spending. In cases where the composition of consumer spending categories does not align well with the territory-specific CPIs, other price data are used, such as U.S. PCE price indexes from BEA or U.S. import and export prices from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Exceptions include consumer spending on electricity for all territories and gasoline for American Samoa and Guam. Real consumer spending on electricity is estimated using quantity information on residential consumption by territory from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Real consumer spending on gasoline for American Samoa and Guam is estimated using quantity information on gasoline consumption or sales provided by the territorial governments.

Private fixed investment

U.S. PFI price indexes from BEA and Producer Price Indexes from the U.S. BLS are used to deflate most of the detailed components. Currently, there are no territory-specific price indexes covering capital goods purchased by businesses in the island areas.

Change in private inventories

For American Samoa, cannery supplies held in inventory are adjusted for inflation using U.S. import, export, and producer prices from the U.S. BLS. For the USVI, inventories of crude oil and petroleum products are adjusted for inflation using U.S. import and export prices from the U.S. BLS.

Net exports of goods and services

For exports and imports of goods, a variety of price indexes are used, including territory CPIs and U.S. import, export, and producer prices from the U.S. BLS. Note that the U.S. BLS International Price Program treats the territories as part of the United States; thus, import and export price indexes in theory reflect prices for goods traded between the territories and other countries. However, the prices paid and received by the territories cannot be separately identified from the prices paid and received by the rest of the United States. For exports and imports of services, territory CPIs and price indexes from BEA estimates of U.S. trade in services and U.S. consumer spending are used.

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment

For compensation, information on average wages and salaries derived from administrative or survey data is used to deflate compensation. For other components of government spending, government price indexes from BEA's U.S. National Income and Product Accounts are used.

Table A. Key Source Data for Current-Dollar Gross Domestic Product, American Samoa
Component	Annual estimates: key source data used to prepare an extrapolator or interpolator¹
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)
Goods
Durable goods	American Samoa Department of Commerce (ASDOC) fiscal year (FY) data for imports of consumer durable goods, such as motor vehicles, furniture, and household appliances,² and Census Bureau County Business Patterns (CBP) wages for retail trade industries.
Nondurable goods	For gasoline and energy goods, quantity times price: American Samoa Office of Petroleum Management data on gasoline imports and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) data on average U.S. gasoline prices; for all other nondurable goods, ASDOC FY data for imports of consumer nondurable goods, such as food, alcohol, and clothing, and CBP wages for retail trade industries.
Services	For tenant-occupied and owner-occupied rents, quantity times price: population³ and American Samoa consumer price index (CPI) for housing; for utilities, EIA data for residential revenues of electric utilities by territory, American Samoa Power Authority financial statement data for utility revenues; for hospitals, Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) Tropical Medical Center Authority financial statement data for net patient revenues; for resident food services, quantity times price: population and American Samoa CPI for food; for nonresident food services, quantity times price: ASDOC data for visitor arrivals and American Samoa CPI for food; for accommodations, quantity times price: ASDOC data for visitor arrivals and U.S. PCE price for hotels and motels; for private education, quantity times price: ASDOC data for private school enrollment and American Samoa CPI; for public education, American Samoa Community College financial statement data for education revenues; for communication services, American Samoa Telecommunications Authority financial statement data for operating revenues; for retirement fund services, American Samoa Government Employees' Retirement Fund financial statement data for administrative expenses; for most other services, quantity times price: population and American Samoa CPIs or U.S. PCE price indexes.
Net foreign travel	For foreign travel expenditures by American Samoa residents, quantity times price: ASDOC data for resident departures or U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) Air Carrier Statistics (T-100) data for airplane passenger flight segments and U.S. PCE price indexes for travel and accommodations; for off-island health expenditures for residents, LBJ Tropical Medical Center Authority financial statement data and information collected from news reports; for expenditures in American Samoa by nonresidents, quantity times price: ASDOC data for visitor arrivals or BTS T-100 data for airplane passenger flight segments, American Samoa Ports Authority data for cruise ship passenger arrivals, and various American Samoa CPIs and U.S. PCE price indexes.
Gross private domestic investment
Private fixed investment	For structures, ASDOC FY data for imports of construction materials, American Samoa Department of Public Works data for land use and building permits, and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) data for disaster assistance; for equipment, ASDOC FY data for imports of capital equipment by type.
Change in private inventories	ASDOC FY data for imports of tuna canning supplies, Census Bureau data for exports of canned tuna and related products from the U.S. Trade with Puerto Rico and the U.S. Possessions (FT895) report.
Net exports of goods and services
Exports
Goods	ASDOC FY data for exports of goods and Census Bureau data for exports of goods from the FT895 report.
Services	For expenditures in American Samoa by nonresidents, quantity times price: ASDOC data for visitor arrivals, BTS T-100 data for airplane passenger flight segments, American Samoa Ports Authority data for cruise ship passenger arrivals, and various American Samoa CPIs and U.S. PCE price indexes; for services provided to foreign ships by the government port, American Samoa Port Authority financial statement data for charges for services.
Imports
Goods	For goods excluding landed fish, ASDOC FY data for imports of goods; for landed fish, BEA estimate of landed fish used in production based on exports of canned tuna and related goods from the ASDOC and Census Bureau.
Services	For freight and insurance charges on goods imported from foreign countries and the rest of the United States, BEA estimates of imports of landed fish and BEA estimates of imports of all other goods; for foreign travel expenditures by American Samoa residents, quantity times price: ASDOC data for resident departures BTS T-100 data for airplane passenger flight segments and U.S. PCE price indexes for travel and accommodations; for off-island health expenditures for residents, LBJ Tropical Medical Center Authority financial statement data and information collected from news reports; for off-island government travel, tabulations of central government expenditures data provided by the American Samoa Department of Treasury; for imports of construction services, American Samoa government financial data and information collected from news reports.
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment
Federal	For compensation of federal government employees, tabulations of wage and personnel data provided by the U.S. Department of Defense and ratios of fringe benefits to wages derived from U.S. National Income and Product Account data for federal employee compensation; for intermediate purchases of goods and services, Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS)⁴ contract obligations data for purchases of goods and services excluding equipment; for structures, FPDS contract obligations data for construction projects; for equipment, FPDS contract obligations data for purchases and major repairs of equipment.
Territorial	Government financial statement data for the Territory of American Samoa, the LBJ Medical Center Authority, the American Samoa Power Authority, the American Samoa Telecommunications Authority, the Development Bank of American Samoa, the Territorial Bank of American Samoa, the American Samoa Community College, and the American Samoa Government Employees’ Retirement Fund; tabulations of central government expenditures and capital asset data provided by the American Samoa Department of Treasury.

Not all data sources are available for every year; for example, Census Bureau County Business Patterns data are not available for the most recent year of estimates.
The Bureau of Economic Analysis uses tabulations of imports data provided by the American Samoa Department of Commerce. These tabulations are presented at a greater level of detail and typically include more recent periods compared to what is published in the American Samoa Statistical Yearbook.
Estimates of population reflect data from the American Samoa Department of Commerce and the U.S. Census Bureau.
The Federal Procurement Data System is a database of federal contracts maintained by the General Services Administration. The database provides detailed information at the individual contract level, including place of performance, dates of performance, the contract obligation amount, and a product and service code.

Table B. Source Data for Current-Dollar Gross Domestic Product, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)
Component	Annual estimates: key source data used to prepare an extrapolator or interpolator¹
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)
Goods
Durable goods	For autos, quantity times price: CNMI Central Statistics Division (CSD) data for sales of autos and Guam consumer price indexes (CPI) for motor vehicles and parts;² for home furnishings and household equipment, quantity times price: population and CNMI CPI for other goods and services; for all other durable goods, tabulations of business revenues data for retail trade industries provided by the CNMI Department of Finance (DOF).
Nondurable goods	Tabulations of imports data for consumer nondurable goods, such as food, alcohol, clothing, and gasoline provided by the CNMI Division of Customs Services (Customs) and tabulations of business revenues data for retail trade industries provided by the CNMI DOF.
Services	For tenant-occupied and owner-occupied rents, quantity times price: population and Guam CPI for rental and lodging;³ for utilities, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) data for residential revenues of electric utilities, Commonwealth Utilities Corporation financial statement data for utility revenues; for hospitals, Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation financial statement data for net patient revenues; for private education, quantity times price: population and CNMI CPI for education and communication; for public education, Northern Marianas College and Public School System financial statements for education revenues; for casino gambling services, publicly available financial statement data for casinos operating in Saipan; for other recreation services, tabulations of business revenues data for various recreation industries provided by the CNMI DOF and Census Bureau County Business Patterns wage data for arts, entertainment, and recreation industries; for retirement fund services, CNMI Government financial statement data for retirement fund administrative expenses; for banking services, CSD data for total deposits and loans; for insurance services, quantity times price: population and CNMI CPI for other goods and services; for most other services: tabulations of business revenues data for various industries provided by the CNMI DOF.
Net foreign travel	For foreign travel expenditures by CNMI residents, quantity times price: Marianas Visitor Authority (MVA) data for resident departures and U.S. PCE price indexes for travel and accommodations; for casino gambling expenditures in the CNMI by nonresidents, publicly available financial statement data for casinos operating in Saipan; for all other expenditures by nonresidents, MVA data for arrivals of visitors and Bureau of Economic (BEA) estimates of PCE categories assumed to substantially reflect spending by tourists, including apparel, accommodation and food services, recreation services, and transportation services.
Gross private domestic investment
Private fixed investment	For structures, CSD data for building permit values, tabulations of administrative data for construction wages provided by the CNMI DOF, and publicly available financial statement data for capital expenditures of casinos operating in Saipan; for equipment, CNMI Customs data for imports of motor vehicles and capital equipment by type.
Net exports of goods and services
Exports
Goods	Quantity times price: CSD data for revenue tonnage of exports by type and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics export price indexes;
Services	For casino gambling expenditures in the CNMI by nonresidents, publicly available financial statement data for casinos operating in Saipan; for all other expenditures by nonresidents, MVA data for arrivals of visitors and BEA estimates of PCE categories assumed to substantially reflect spending by tourists, including apparel, accommodation and food services, recreation services, and transportation services.
Imports
Goods	Tabulations of imports data for imports of goods by type provided by CNMI Customs.
Services	For freight and insurance charges on imported goods, BEA estimates of imports of goods; for foreign travel expenditures by CNMI residents, quantity times price: MVA data for resident departures and U.S. PCE price indexes for travel and accommodations; for imports of other business services, BEA estimates of operating revenues and intermediate expenses of establishments located in the CNMI.⁴
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment
Federal	For compensation of federal government employees, tabulations of wage and personnel data provided by the U.S. Department of Defense and ratios of fringe benefits to wages derived from U.S. National Income and Product Account data for federal employee compensation; for intermediate purchases of goods and services, Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS)⁵ data for contract obligations data for purchases of goods and services excluding equipment; for structures, FPDS contract obligations data for construction projects; for equipment, FPDS contract obligations data for purchases and major repairs of equipment.
Territorial	Government financial statement data for the Government of the CNMI, the Commonwealth Utilities Corporation, the Mariana Visitors Authority, the Northern Marianas College, the Public School System, the Marianas Public Land Trust, the Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation, the Commonwealth Ports Authority, the Commonwealth Development Authority, and the Northern Marianas Housing Corporation.

Not all data sources are available for every year; for example, Census Bureau County Business Patterns data are never available for the most recent year of estimates.
Guam CPI data are available at a finer level of detail than the CNMI CPI and are assumed to be reasonable substitutes for some categories. For the CNMI, motor vehicles are embedded in the CPI for transportation.
For the CNMI, housing is embedded in the CPI for housing and utilities.
Intermediate expenses of establishments located in the CNMI that are not paid to CNMI businesses must be imported.
The Federal Procurement Data System is a database of federal contracts maintained by the General Services Administration. The database provides detailed information at the individual contract level, including place of performance, dates of performance, the contract obligation amount, and a product and service code.

Table C. Source Data for Current-Dollar Gross Domestic Product, Guam
Component	Annual estimates: key source data used to prepare an extrapolator or interpolator^1,2
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)
Goods
Durable goods	For motor vehicles, quantity times price: Guam Department of Revenue and Taxation (DRT) data for motor vehicle registrations and Guam consumer price indexes (CPI) for new cars; for home furnishings and household equipment, quantity times price: population³ and Guam CPI for furnishings and household equipment; for all other durable goods, tabulations of gross receipts tax data for retail trade industries provided by the Guam DRT and Guam Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics (CES) data for employment and average earnings for retail and wholesale trade industries.
Nondurable goods	For gasoline and energy goods, quantity times price: Guam Energy Office data for gasoline sales and Guam CPI for motor fuel; for food, Census Bureau County Business Patterns (CBP) wage data for grocery and other food stores; for alcohol, quantity times price: Guam Bureau of Budget and Management Research (BBMR) data for alcoholic beverages excise tax revenues and Guam CPI for alcoholic beverages; for all other nondurable goods, tabulations of gross receipts tax data for retail trade industries provided by the Guam DRT and Guam CES data for employment and average earnings for retail trade industries.
Services	For tenant-occupied and owner-occupied rents, quantity times price: population and Guam CPI for rent and lodging; for utilities, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) data for residential revenues of electric utilities by territory, Guam Power Authority (GPA) and Guam Waterworks Authority financial statement data for utility revenues; for banking services, call report data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; for hospitals, net patient revenues from Guam Memorial Hospital Authority financial statements and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services hospital cost reports; for private education, quantity times price: Guam Department of Education reports for private school enrollment and Guam CPI for tuition and other fees; for public education, Guam Department of Education and University of Guam financial statements for education revenues; for accommodations, food services, and amusements: Guam BBMR data for hotel occupancy tax revenues, tabulations of gross receipts tax data for various industries provided by the Guam DRT, Guam Visitors Bureau (GVB) data for arrivals of visitors by country, and GVB data for average spending per visitor by country; for transportation, Guam CES data for employment and average earnings for transportation and warehousing industries; for most other services, quantity times price: population and Guam CPIs or U.S. PCE price indexes.
Net foreign travel	For foreign travel expenditures by Guam residents, quantity times price: population and various travel-related Guam CPIs; for expenditures on accommodations in Guam by nonresidents, BBMR data for hotel occupancy tax revenues; for all other expenditures in Guam by nonresidents: GVB data for arrivals of visitors by country and GVB data for average spending per visitor by country.
Gross private domestic investment
Private fixed investment (PFI)	For structures, Guam Bureau of Labor Statistics data for building permits and Guam CES data for employment and average earnings for construction industries; for autos and light trucks, quantity times price: Guam DRT data for motor vehicle registrations and U.S. import price indexes for automotive vehicles, parts, and engines; for all other equipment, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) estimates of gross investment in structures.⁴
Net exports of goods and services
Exports
Goods	Guam government data for exports of goods and Census Bureau data for exports of goods from the U.S. Trade with Puerto Rico and the U.S. Possessions (FT895) report.
Services	For expenditures on accommodations in Guam by nonresidents, BBMR data for hotel occupancy tax revenues; for all other expenditures in Guam by nonresidents: GVB data for arrivals of visitors by country and GVB data for average spending per visitor by country.
Imports
Goods	For fuel imported by GPA, GPA financial statement data for cost of production fuel; for all other fuel, quantity times price: Guam Energy Office data on fuel sales by type and Guam CPI for motor fuel; for consumer goods other than gasoline, BEA estimates of PCE goods by type; for equipment purchased by private sector businesses, BEA estimates of PFI equipment; for equipment imported by governments, BEA estimates of federal and territorial government gross investment in equipment;⁵ for all other goods imported by wholesalers, tabulations of gross receipts tax data for wholesale trade industries provided by the Guam DRT and Guam CES data for employment and average earnings for wholesale trade industries.
Services	For freight and insurance charges on imported goods, BEA estimates of imports of goods for select categories;⁶ for foreign travel expenditures by Guam residents, quantity times price: population and various travel-related Guam CPIs; for imports of construction services, BEA estimates of PFI structures and federal government gross investment in structures.
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment
Federal	For compensation of federal government employees, tabulations of wage and personnel data provided by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), data for military active duty and dependents in Guam published by the Guam Bureau of Labor Statistics, and ratios of fringe benefits to wages derived from U.S. National Income and Product Account data for federal employee compensation; for intermediate purchases of goods and services, Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS)⁷ contract obligations data for purchases of goods and services excluding equipment; for structures, tabulations of gross receipts tax data for construction industries provided by the Guam DRT, Guam CES data for employment and average earnings for construction industries, FPDS contract obligations data for construction projects, U.S. DOD contract data published by the Guam Bureau of Labor Statistics, and annual reports from the U.S. DOD Interagency Coordination Group of Inspectors General for Guam Realignment; for equipment, FPDS contract obligations data for purchases and major repairs of equipment.
Territorial	Government financial statement data for the Government of Guam, the Guam Department of Education, the University of Guam, the Guam Memorial Hospital Authority, the Guam Housing and Urban Renewal Authority, the Guam Visitors Bureau, the Guam Education Telecommunications Authority, the Government of Guam Retirement Fund, the Guam Community College, the Guam Economic Development Authority, the Guam Preservation Trust, the Guam Power Authority, the Guam Waterworks Authority, the Port Authority of Guam, the A.B. Won Pat International Airport Authority, and the Guam Housing Corporation.

Not all data sources are available for every year; for example, Census Bureau County Business Patterns data are not available for the most recent year of estimates.
For years prior to 2016, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) used imports data published by the Guam Bureau of Statistics and Plans (BSP) as indicators within the estimates of consumer spending on goods, private fixed investment, and imports of goods. Due to reductions in the amount of imports data collected for subsequent years, BEA changed its indicators for these estimates to the data sets listed in this table. As noted on the BSP website, “For 2016 and beyond months captured [of imports data] will be determined on an adhoc basis.”
Estimates of population reflect data from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Currently, no annual indicators are available that directly reflect private sector business purchases of equipment.
Guam has a small manufacturing sector; it was assumed that most goods purchased by households, businesses, and governments were imported.
For some categories of imports, such as fuel and equipment, the value estimated within imports of goods already reflects freight and insurance charges incurred in bringing the merchandise to Guam; thus, no additional charges are estimated within imports of services.
The Federal Procurement Data System is a database of federal contracts maintained by the General Services Administration. The database provides detailed information at the individual contract level, including place of performance, dates of performance, the contract obligation amount, and a product and service code.

Table D. Source Data for Current-Dollar Gross Domestic Product, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI)
Component	Annual estimates: key source data used to prepare an extrapolator or interpolator¹
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)
Goods
Durable goods	Census Bureau data for imports of durable goods from the U.S. Trade with Puerto Rico and U.S. Possessions (FT895) and the U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services (FT900) reports² and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) wage data for the retail trade sector.
Nondurable goods
Food and beverages	Census Bureau data for imports of food and beverages and QCEW wage data for grocery and other food stores.
All other nondurable goods	Census Bureau data for imports of nondurable goods (excluding food and beverages) and QCEW wage data for the retail trade sector.
Services
Housing and utilities	For tenant-occupied and owner-occupied rents, quantity times price: population³ and the USVI consumer price index (CPI) for housing;⁴ for utilities, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) data for residential revenues of electric utilities by territory, USVI Water and Power Authority operating and financial statement data for utility revenues, and QCEW wage data for waste collection.
Health care	For hospitals, Governor Juan F. Luis Hospital and Medical Center and Schneider Regional Medical Center financial statement data for net patient revenues; for other health care, QCEW wage data for health care facilities other than hospitals.
Accommodations and food services	For accommodations, USVI Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) data for hotel occupancy tax revenues; for food services, quantity times price: QCEW employment data for food services and drinking establishments and U.S. PCE price indexes for food services and accommodations.
All other services	For higher education, University of Virgin Islands financial statement data for education revenues; for retirement fund services, Government Employees’ Retirement System of the Virgin Island financial statement data for administrative expenses; for lotteries, USVI Government financial statement and budget data for lottery revenues; for most other services, QCEW wage data by industry.
Net foreign travel	For foreign travel expenditures by USVI residents, Puerto Rico balance-of-payments data from the Puerto Rico government for spending in Puerto Rico by USVI residents and information collected from news reports; for jewelry purchases in the USVI by nonresidents, Census Bureau data for imports of jewelry and related durable goods; for all other expenditures by nonresidents arriving by cruise ship, quantity times price: USVI Bureau of Economic Research (BER) data for cruise passenger arrivals and various USVI CPIs and U.S. price indexes; for all other expenditures by nonresidents arriving by air, quantity times price: BER data for air visitor arrivals and various USVI CPIs and U.S. price indexes.
Gross private domestic investment
Private fixed investment (PFI)	For structures, BER data for building permit values, QCEW wages for the construction sector, and Census Bureau data for imports of construction materials; for equipment, Census Bureau data for imports of equipment and QCEW wage data for repair and maintenance industries.
Change in private inventories	Census Bureau data for exports and imports of crude oil and other petroleum products and Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) estimates of domestic fuel consumption. Fuel usage is assumed to trend with output of the industrial sector; data sources include USVI Water and Power Authority statistics on megawatt-hours of electricity generation and the indicators listed in this table for private fixed investment in structures and government gross investment in structures.
Net exports of goods and services
Exports
Goods	Census Bureau data for exports of goods.
Services	For jewelry purchases in the USVI by nonresidents, Census Bureau data for imports of jewelry and related durable goods; for all other expenditures by nonresidents arriving by cruise ship, quantity times price: USVI BER data for cruise passenger arrivals and various USVI CPIs and U.S. price indexes; for all other expenditures by nonresidents arriving by air, quantity times price: BER data for air visitor arrivals and various USVI CPIs and U.S. price indexes.
Imports
Goods	Census Bureau data for imports of goods.
Services	For freight and insurance charges on goods imported from countries other than the U.S., Census Bureau FT900 data for charges; for freight and insurance charges on goods imported from the rest of the United States, ratios of charges to values of imported goods derived from Census Bureau FT900 data and BEA estimates of imports of goods from the rest of the United States; for foreign travel expenditures by USVI residents, Puerto Rico balance-of-payments data from the Puerto Rico government on spending in Puerto Rico by USVI residents and information collected from news reports; for imports of construction services, BEA estimates of PFI structures and government gross investment in structures.
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment
Federal	For compensation of employees, QCEW wage data for civilian employees, tabulations of wage and personnel data provided by the U.S. Department of Defense, and ratios of fringe benefits to wages derived from U.S. National Income and Product Account data for federal employee compensation; for intermediate purchases of goods and services, Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS)⁵ contract obligations data for purchases of goods and services excluding equipment; for structures, FPDS contract obligations data for construction projects; for equipment, FPDS contract obligations data for purchases and major repairs of equipment.
Territorial	For compensation of employees, QCEW wage data for USVI "state" government employees, government financial statement data, and budget data for wages and fringe benefits; for all other consumption expenditures, government financial statement data,⁶ general fund and agency budget data, USVI government Open Finance data, and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) data for disaster assistance; for gross investment in structures and equipment, government operating and financial statement data, general fund and agency budget data, USVI government Open Finance data, and FEMA data for disaster assistance.

Not all data sources are available for every year; for example, some government financial statements may not be available for the most recent year of estimates.
Census Bureau imports data from the U.S. Trade with Puerto Rico and U.S. Possessions (FT895) report and the U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services (FT900) report is abbreviated “Census Bureau data for imports.” Census Bureau exports data from these reports is abbreviated “Census Bureau data for exports.”
Estimates of population reflect data from the USVI Bureau of Economic Research and the U.S. Census Bureau.
BEA uses tabulations of USVI CPI data by type provided by the USVI Bureau of Economic Research.
The Federal Procurement Data System is a database of federal contracts maintained by the General Services Administration. The database provides detailed information at the individual contract level, including place of performance, dates of performance, the contract obligation amount, and a product and service code.
Data are collected from government financial statements for: the USVI Central Government, the Governor Juan F. Luis Hospital and Medical Center, the Schneider Regional Medical Center, the USVI Water and Power Authority, the USVI Waste Management Authority, the Government Employees’ Retirement System of the Virgin Islands, the University of the Virgin Islands, the USVI Economic Development Authority, the Virgin Islands Housing Finance Authority, the Virgin Islands Housing Authority, and the Virgin Islands Port Authority.

Additional information on source data

The annual data sources listed in appendix tables A–D include a variety of economic measures, such as sales or receipts, expenses, wages and salaries, and tax collections.

For many components, the indicators are derived from source data that are “value data”: they encompass both the quantity data and the price data required to prepare the current-dollar estimates. For indicators that are not derived from value data, a “quantity-times-price” method is used. For example, the indicator for Guam consumer spending on gasoline is calculated as gasoline sales in gallons times the Guam consumer price index for motor fuel.

All fiscal year data sources are adjusted to a calendar year basis for use in estimation.

OIA is the federal agency that manages the federal government's relations with the governments of American Samoa, the CNMI, Guam, and the USVI. It works with these territories to encourage economic development, transparency of government, financial stability, and accountability.
These surveys include the Annual Wholesale Trade Survey; the Annual Retail Trade Survey; the Annual Capital Expenditures Survey; the Value of Construction Put in Place Survey; the Service Annual Survey; the Annual Survey of Manufactures; the Manufactures' Shipments, Inventories, and Orders Survey; the Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances.
Individual news releases for each of the territories are available on BEA's website.
In this article, “consumer spending” refers to “personal consumption expenditures” and “government spending” refers to “government consumption expenditures and gross investment.”
The industry detail shown for GDP by industry and compensation by industry varies depending on the territory.
Sabrina L. Montes and Aya Hamano, “Estimating GDP for the U.S. Territories,” Survey of Current Business 101 (May 2021).
“Foreign travel expenditures by residents” includes spending in the rest of the world, that is, other countries, the 50 states and the District of Columbia, and other U.S. territories.
Guam government data on imports of goods are especially limited. Data are not collected for all periods and do not represent the universe of imports of goods.
Intermediate expenses are purchases of goods and services that are used in the production process of other goods and services and are not sold in final-demand markets.
The estimation of private-sector and government gross investment in structures is described in the PFI and government spending sections of this appendix, respectively.
For Guam, imports of construction services for defense projects are benchmarked separately using information on U.S. Department of Defense contracts reported by the Guam Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Government enterprises are government agencies that cover a substantial portion of their operating costs by selling goods and services to the public and that maintain their own separate accounts.
For additional information, see J. Steven Landefeld, Brent R. Moulton, and Cindy M. Vojtech, “Chained-Dollar Indexes: Issues, Tips on Their Use, and Upcoming Changes,” Survey of Current Business 83 (November 2003):8–17.

Acknowledgments

Aya Hamano and Sabrina Montes of BEA oversaw the preparation of the territorial economic accounts for American Samoa, the CNMI, Guam, and the USVI.

From BEA, Christina D. Hovland-Battikha, Amy K. Filipek, and Michelle S. Grier prepared the estimates for all four territories. Mary Bohman, Acting Director of BEA, and Mauricio Ortiz, Acting Associate Director for Regional Economics, provided overall supervision. Other significant contributors from BEA were Carol Moylan, Kurt Kunze, and Fernando Lugo.

The Economy-Wide Statistics Division of the U.S. Census Bureau provided data from the Economic Census of Island Areas.

From the U.S. Department of the Interior, Nikolao Pula, Director of OIA, Basil C. Ottley, OIA Policy Director, and Melissa J. Braybrooks, OIA Economist, facilitated interactions between BEA and the territorial governments and provided support throughout the project.

BEA would also like to thank the governor's offices of the four territories for their contributions. Governor Lemanu P. Mauga and former Governor Lolo M. Moliga of American Samoa, Governor Ralph D.L.G. Torres and Lieutenant Governor Arnold I. Palacios of the CNMI, Governor Lou Leon Guerrero and Lieutenant Governor Joshua F. Tenorio of Guam, and Governor Albert Bryan, Jr. and Lieutenant Governor Tregenza A. Roach of the USVI contributed guidance and support throughout the project.

Other key contributors from each territory are listed below.

American Samoa: Keniseli F. Lafaele, Director, Department of Commerce (DOC); Uili Leauanae, Deputy Director, DOC; Meleisea Vai Filiga, Chief Statistician, DOC; Mine Timoteo, Assistant Chief Statistician, DOC; Alex Zodiacal, Assistant to Administrator/Economic Development Division Manager, DOC; Ueligitone Tonumaipe'a, Treasurer, Department of Treasury; Vaaimamao Poufa, Tax Manager, Tax Office, Department of Treasury; Keith Gebauer, Deputy Director for Customs, Department of Treasury; Catherine Saelua, Director, Budget Office; Fala Sualevai, CEO, American Samoa Telecommunications Authority; Wallon Young, Acting CEO, American Samoa Power Authority; Faumuina J. Faumuina, CEO, LBJ Medical Center; Rosevonne M. Pato, President, American Samoa Community College; and Sione Kava, Petroleum Officer, Office of Petroleum Management.

CNMI: Mark O. Rabauliman, Secretary, Department of Commerce (DOC); Justin H. Andrew, Director Central Statistics Division, DOC; Fermin C. Sakisat, Computer Specialist III, Central Statistics Division, DOC; Christopher S. Tenorio, Executive Director, Commonwealth Ports Authority (CPA); Skye L. Aldan, Comptroller, CPA; Christopher Concepcion, Managing Director, Marianas Visitors Authority (MVA); Judy Torres, Deputy Managing Director, MVA; David DLG Atalig, Secretary, Department of Finance (DOF); Maria White, Disclosure Officer, DOF; Lt. Robert Reyes, Customs Officer, DOF; Yolanda Rabauliman, Customs Officer, DOF; Andrew Reese, Chief Financial Officer, Northern Marianas College (NMC); Frankie Eliptico, Interim President, NMC; Glen Muna, Commissioner of Education, Public School System (PSS); George Palican, Finance Director, PSS; Violita Diaz and Michelle A. Camacho, Administrative Assistants, Office of the Public Auditor; Gary Camacho, Executive Director, Commonwealth Utility Corporation (CUC); Corina Magofna, Fiscal/Budget Officer, CUC; Rodolfo Urbano, Chief Accountant, CUC; and Esther Muna, CEO, Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation.

Guam: Jon Junior Calvo, Chief of Staff, Office of the Governor; Bertha Duenas, Chief Fiscal Advisor, Office of the Governor; Tyrone J. Taitano, Director, Bureau of Statistics and Plans; Edward M. Birn, Director, Department of Administration; Dafne Mansapit-Shimizu, Director, Department of Revenue and Taxation; Albert Perez, Senior Economist, Department of Revenue and Taxation; Lester Carlson, Jr., Director, Bureau of Budget and Management Research; Melanie Mendiola, Administrator, Guam Economic Development Authority; Benjamin J.F. Cruz, Public Auditor, Office of Public Accountability; Carl T.C. Gutierrez, President, Guam Visitors Bureau; David Dell'Isola, Director, Department of Labor; and Gary Hiles, Chief Economist, Department of Labor.

USVI: Allison DeGazon, Ph.D., Director, Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research (VIBER); Bernesha Liburd, Senior Project Analyst, VIBER; Joel Lee, Director, Virgin Islands Bureau of Internal Revenue; Tamarah Parson-Smalls, Chief Counsel, Virgin Islands Bureau of Internal Revenue; Averyl Fabian, Deputy Director of Operations, Virgin Islands Bureau of Internal Revenue; Jenifer C. O'Neal, Director, Virgin Islands Office of Management and Budget; Bosede Bruce, Commissioner Nominee, Virgin Islands Department of Finance; Commissioner Gary Molloy, Director of Virgin Islands Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor; and Sandra Rey, Senior Research Analyst, Virgin Islands Department of Labor.

Territorial Economic Accounts for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands

New Estimates of GDP for 2019, New Estimates of GDP by Industry and Compensation by Industry for 2018, Revised Estimates for 2002–2018

Highlights

American Samoa

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)

Guam

U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI)

Looking Ahead

Appendix: Summary of Methodologies for Gross Domestic Product

Estimates of Current-Dollar GDP

Personal consumption expenditures

Private fixed investment

Change in private inventories

Net exports of goods and services

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment

Estimates of Real GDP

Personal consumption expenditures

Private fixed investment

Change in private inventories

Net exports of goods and services

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment

Additional information on source data

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