Activities of U.S. Multinational Enterprises in 2017

By Kassu Hossiso  |  Volume 99, Number 9  |  September 17, 2019

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Worldwide current-dollar value added by U.S. multinational enterprises (MNEs)—a measure of the goods and services produced by these businesses—increased 2.0 percent in 2017 to $5.3 trillion. By area, value added by U.S. MNEs’ operations abroad (foreign affiliate value added) increased 8.9 percent to $1.4 trillion, while value added by U.S. MNEs’ domestic operations (U.S. parent value added) decreased 0.3 percent to $3.9 trillion.

Most of the increase in value added came from U.S. MNEs in petroleum-related industries. Value added by U.S. MNEs in petroleum-related industries increased 21.3 percent, compared with a 0.8 percent increase in nonpetroleum industries, reflecting a 24.6 percent increase in oil prices.1 The increase in value added by U.S. MNEs’ operations abroad also reflected continued economic growth in most major host countries. In 2017, current-dollar value added of foreign affiliates in 10 major host countries increased 8.2 percent, consistent with a 6.2 percent increase in current-dollar value of gross domestic product (GDP) in these host countries.2

These and other statistics on U.S. MNEs presented here are based on preliminary 2017 and revised 2016 data collected by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) on the Annual Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad from companies engaged in “outward” direct investment. The statistics cover the worldwide activities of U.S. MNEs and provide information on finances and operations including value added, balance sheet and income statement details, employment and employee compensation, sales, capital expenditures, trade in goods, and expenditures for research and development (R&D).3 BEA also produces statistics that cover the activities of U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs, that is, U.S. companies that are part of U.S. “inward” direct investment.4 Jointly, these outward and inward direct investment statistics are referred to as statistics on the activities of MNEs.5

This article focuses on changes in 2017 in five measures of the worldwide operations of U.S. MNEs: value added; employment; expenditures for property, plant, and equipment; U.S. trade in goods; and R&D expenditures.

The worldwide operations of a U.S. MNE reflect both its domestic operations, represented by the U.S. parent company, and its foreign operations, represented by the foreign affiliates. For the foreign affiliates, statistics are presented for two categories: (1) all affiliates, which are at least 10 percent owned by their U.S. parents, and (2) majority-owned foreign affiliates (MOFAs), which are more than 50 percent owned by their U.S. parents. Majority-owned affiliates in 2017 accounted for about 92 percent of all foreign affiliates and for 85 percent of the employment by all foreign affiliates. BEA publishes greater detail for MOFAs partly because some data items are collected only for MOFAs. The focus on MOFAs also allows the statistics on foreign affiliates to be placed on the same ownership basis as the statistics on U.S. parents, which are defined to include all majority-owned domestic operations of the MNE. In this article, the activities of U.S. MNEs cover the combined operations of U.S. parent companies and their MOFAs. For ease of discussion, the term “foreign affiliate” is used in this article to denote MOFAs, except where otherwise noted.

Worldwide employment, expenditures for plant, property, and equipment, and expenditures on R&D increased for U.S. MNEs in 2017, reflecting increases in the United States and abroad. Employment by U.S. MNEs worldwide increased 0.4 percent. Expenditures for property, plant, and equipment by U.S. MNEs increased 2.0 percent. R&D expenditures by U.S. MNEs increased 3.3 percent.

For the remainder of this article, “capital expenditure” is used to denote expenditures for property, plant, and equipment, except where otherwise noted.

Additional highlights of the activities of U.S. MNEs in 2017 include the following:

  • The activities of U.S. MNEs continued to be concentrated in the United States; U.S. parents accounted for nearly three-quarters of worldwide MNE value added, for more than three-quarters of worldwide MNE capital expenditures, for nearly two-thirds of worldwide MNE employment, and for more than four-fifths of worldwide MNE R&D expenditures. Foreign affiliates accounted for one-third or less of these measures.
  • Most value added of foreign affiliates continued to be located in high-income countries, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany.6 Affiliates in high-income countries accounted for three-fourths of foreign affiliate value added.
  • Employment of foreign affiliates continued to be concentrated in a few large countries, such as China, the United Kingdom, Mexico, India, and Canada. In 2017, affiliates in these countries accounted for one-half of foreign affiliate employment.
  • MNE-associated U.S. exports of goods were $839.4 billion, representing 54.3 percent of total U.S. exports of goods. MNE-associated imports of goods were $973.0 billion, representing 41.6 percent of total U.S. imports of goods.7

The first section of this article examines worldwide activities of U.S. MNEs. The second and third sections examine the activities of U.S. parents and foreign affiliates.

Value added

In 2017, current-dollar value added of U.S. MNEs worldwide increased 2.0 percent to $5.3 trillion. The value added of U.S. parents decreased 0.3 percent to $3.9 trillion; in contrast, the value added of foreign affiliates increased 8.9 percent to $1.4 trillion (tables 1 and 2 and chart 1).

Table 1. Selected Statistics for U.S. Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), U.S. Parents, and Foreign Affiliates for Selected Years
  U.S. MNEs Parents Affiliates
Parents and all affiliates Parents and MOFAs Total MOFAs Other
Value added1
[Millions of dollars]
1994 n.a. 1,773,288 1,361,792 n.a. 411,496 n.a.
19992 n.a. 2,644,739 2,064,343 n.a. 580,396 n.a.
2004 n.a. 3,220,723 2,366,467 n.a. 854,256 n.a.
2009 n.a. 3,740,733 2,595,776 n.a. 1,144,957 n.a.
2014 n.a. 5,379,638 3,889,485 n.a. 1,490,153 n.a.
2016r n.a. 5,218,251 3,916,185 n.a. 1,302,066 n.a.
2017p n.a. 5,320,883 3,902,521 n.a. 1,418,362 n.a.
Percent change at annual rates
1994–2004 n.a. 6.1 5.7 n.a. 7.6 n.a.
2004–2009 n.a. 3.0 1.9 n.a. 6.0 n.a.
2009–2014 n.a. 7.5 8.4 n.a. 5.4 n.a.
2004–2014 n.a. 5.3 5.1 n.a. 5.7 n.a.
2014–2016 n.a. −1.5 0.3 n.a. −6.5 n.a.
2016–2017 n.a. 2.0 −0.3 n.a. 8.9 n.a.
Thousands of employees
1994 26,570.6 25,141.9 19,330.0 7,240.6 5,811.9 1,428.7
19992 33,397.6 31,913.4 23,985.3 9,412.3 7,928.1 1,484.2
2004 32,891.6 31,466.0 22,446.2 10,445.4 9,019.8 1,425.6
2009 35,962.0 33,726.6 22,932.7 13,029.3 10,793.9 2,235.4
2014 43,988.4 41,639.6 27,587.2 16,401.2 14,052.4 2,348.8
2016r 44,732.8 42,288.0 28,022.6 16,710.2 14,265.4 2,444.8
2017p 45,094.3 42,471.1 28,071.2 17,023.1 14,399.9 2,623.2
Percent change at annual rates
1994–2004 2.2 2.3 1.5 3.7 4.5 0.0
2004–2009 1.8 1.4 0.4 4.5 3.7 9.4
2009–2014 4.1 4.3 3.8 4.7 5.4 1.0
2004–2014 2.9 2.8 2.1 4.6 4.5 5.1
2014–2016 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 2.0
2016–2017 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.9 7.3
Capital expenditures3
[Millions of dollars]
1994 330,940 306,364 234,617 96,323 71,747 24,976
19992 562,705 531,399 416,795 145,910 114,604 31,306
2004 500,048 476,098 350,919 149,129 125,179 23,950
2009 653,208 598,862 431,796 221,412 167,066 54,346
2014 1,018,179 967,593 722,346 295,833 245,247 50,586
2016r n.a. 836,556 641,469 n.a. 195,087 n.a.
2017p n.a. 853,227 653,637 n.a. 199,590 n.a.
Percent change at annual rates
1994–2004 4.2 4.5 4.1 4.5 5.7 −0.4
2004–2009 5.5 4.7 4.2 8.2 5.9 17.8
2009–2014 9.3 10.1 10.8 6.0 8.0 −1.4
2004–2014 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.1 7.0 7.8
2014–2016 n.a. −7.0 −5.8 n.a. −10.8 n.a.
2016–2017 n.a. 2.0 1.9 n.a. 2.3 n.a.
R&D expenditures4
[Millions of dollars]
1994 n.a. 103,451 91,574 n.a. 11,877 n.a.
19992 n.a. 144,435 126,291 n.a. 18,144 n.a.
2004 n.a. 190,029 164,189 n.a. 25,840 n.a.
2009 n.a. 246,502 207,297 n.a. 39,205 n.a.
2014 n.a. 330,755 275,477 n.a. 55,278 n.a.
2016r n.a. 343,699 289,392 n.a. 54,307 n.a.
2017p n.a. 354,919 298,321 n.a. 56,598 n.a.
Percent change at annual rates
1994–2004 n.a. 6.3 6.0 n.a. 8.1 n.a.
2004–2009 n.a. 5.3 4.8 n.a. 8.7 n.a.
2009–2014 n.a. 6.1 5.9 n.a. 7.1 n.a.
2004–2014 n.a. 5.7 5.3 n.a. 7.9 n.a.
2014–2016 n.a. 1.9 2.5 n.a. −0.9 n.a.
2016–2017 n.a. 3.3 3.1 n.a. 4.2 n.a.
p
Preliminary
r
Revised
MOFA
Majority-owned foreign affiliate
n.a.
Not available
  1. For the years shown prior to 2007, the data items needed to calculate value added for individual U.S. parents and foreign affiliates were collected for nonbank businesses only. The value added statistics for bank parents and affiliates for those years are estimates.
  2. Break in series. (Beginning with 1999, BEA expanded its statistics to include data for "very small" foreign affiliates and for parents that had only "very small" foreign affiliates. For details, see the technical note on page 121 of the December 2002 Survey of Current Business.)
  3. For 1994, 1999, and 2004, the capital expenditure data for individual U.S. parents and foreign affiliates were collected for nonbank businesses only. The capital expenditure statistics for bank parents and affiliates for those years are estimates.
  4. For the years shown prior to 2009, data on R&D expenditures were collected for nonbank U.S. parents and foreign affiliates only. R&D expenditures are assumed to be zero for bank U.S. parents and foreign affiliates in those years.
Table 2. Selected Statistics for U.S. MNEs, by Industry of U.S. Parent, 2016 and 2017—Continues
  Millions of dollars
Value added Capital expenditures R&D expenditures Compensation of employees
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
All industries 5,218,251 5,320,883 836,556 853,227 343,699 354,919 2,800,132 2,865,616
Of which:                
Mining 93,051 118,465 47,721 53,764 867 994 40,197 41,325
Manufacturing 2,058,407 2,086,529 298,997 300,242 235,043 242,081 996,172 1,009,021
Wholesale trade 283,158 280,996 53,585 50,467 9,299 8,423 149,949 158,420
Retail trade 440,016 444,873 51,247 54,254 2,218 2,405 220,162 222,609
Information 568,248 585,278 104,657 114,946 54,327 57,695 257,320 269,535
Finance and insurance 669,319 666,091 77,050 80,727 2,338 2,624 448,603 462,264
Professional, scientific, and technical services 338,756 339,415 15,164 17,042 28,400 29,129 239,541 242,952
Other industries 767,297 799,235 188,136 181,783 11,208 11,567 448,189 459,489
Table 2. Selected Statistics for U.S. MNEs, by Industry of U.S. Parent, 2016 and 2017—Table ends
  Thousands of employees 2016–2017 percent change
2016 2017 Value added Capital expenditures R&D expenditures Compensation of employees Employment
All industries 42,288.0 42,471.1 2.0 2.0 3.3 2.3 0.4
Of which:              
Mining 396.2 405.1 27.3 12.7 14.6 2.8 2.2
Manufacturing 13,296.0 13,319.8 1.4 0.4 3.0 1.3 0.2
Wholesale trade 2,307.6 2,465.1 −0.8 −5.8 −9.4 5.6 6.8
Retail trade 7,346.6 7,290.0 1.1 5.9 8.4 1.1 −0.8
Information 2,813.0 2,873.6 3.0 9.8 6.2 4.7 2.2
Finance and insurance 4,015.5 4,053.6 −0.5 4.8 12.2 3.0 0.9
Professional, scientific, and technical services 2,801.6 2,807.0 0.2 12.4 2.6 1.4 0.2
Other industries 9,311.4 9,257.0 4.2 −3.4 3.2 2.5 −0.6
Chart 1. World Map of Value Added and Change in Value Added of U.S. MNEs by Country, Value added in 2017
Chart 1. World Map of Value Added and Change in Value Added of U.S. MNEs by Country, Percent Change in Value Added in 2017

[Click chart to expand]

Employment

In 2017, employment by U.S. MNEs worldwide increased 0.4 percent to 42.5 million workers, reflecting increases in both the United States and abroad. Employment by U.S. parents increased 0.2 percent to 28.1 million, while employment by foreign affiliates increased 0.9 percent to 14.4 million (table 1).

By industry, the increase in employment was mainly in wholesale trade. By area, about one-half of the increase in employment by foreign affiliates was in Europe, with most of the remainder of the increase in Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere and in Canada.

Capital expenditures

Capital expenditures by U.S. MNEs increased 2.0 percent to $853.2 billion in 2017. Capital expenditures by U.S. parents increased 1.9 percent to $653.6 billion, and capital expenditures by foreign affiliates increased 2.3 percent to $199.6 billion (table 1).

By industry, the increase in U.S. MNEs’ capital expenditures was concentrated in information and in mining.

By area, the increase in capital expenditures by foreign affiliates was concentrated in Europe and in Asia and Pacific. By country, the largest increase occurred in Mexico.

U.S. trade in goods

U.S. MNEs continued to account for a large share of U.S. trade in goods. As global firms, MNEs often serve foreign markets through both U.S. exports and through sales by foreign affiliates. Likewise, they often serve the U.S. market through local production and through U.S. imports from foreign affiliates and unaffiliated foreign persons. The exports and imports are sometimes part of their global production processes in which different stages of production take place at home and abroad.8 In this section, trade between U.S. parents and their foreign affiliates (both majority and minority owned) is referred to as “intra-MNE trade.” Trade between U.S. parents and foreigners other than their own foreign affiliates and trade between foreign affiliates and U.S. residents other than their own parents is referred to as “MNE trade with others.” MNE-associated trade in goods consists of all U.S. exports and U.S. imports of goods that involve U.S. parents or their foreign affiliates.

In 2017, MNE-associated exports of goods increased $13.1 billion, or 1.6 percent, to $839.4 billion (table 3). By comparison, total U.S. exports of goods increased 6.5 percent to $1.5 trillion. As a result of these different growth rates, the MNE-associated share of total U.S. exports of goods decreased to 54.3 percent in 2017 from 56.9 percent in 2016.

Table 3. U.S. Trade in Goods Associated with U.S. MNEs, 2016 and 2017
[Millions of dollars]
  2016 2017
Total MNE-associated U.S. exports 826,288 839,405
Intra-MNE trade 320,789 337,900
Shipped by U.S. parents to MOFAs 243,263 256,350
Shipped by U.S. parents to other foreign affiliates1 77,526 81,550
MNE trade with others 505,499 501,505
Shipped by U.S. parents to other foreigners 461,143 454,621
Of which:    
Shipped by U.S. parents to foreign parent groups2 68,276 63,233
Shipped to foreign affiliates by other U.S. persons 44,356 46,884
To MOFAs 44,356 46,884
To other foreign affiliates3 n.a. n.a.
Total MNE-associated U.S. imports 942,327 973,002
Intra-MNE trade 355,691 376,963
Shipped by MOFAs to U.S. parents 283,952 305,693
Shipped by other foreign affiliates to U.S. parents1 71,739 71,270
MNE trade with others 586,636 596,039
Shipped by other foreigners to U.S. parents 538,616 544,352
Of which:    
Shipped by foreign parent groups to U.S. parents2 228,528 229,528
Shipped by foreign affiliates to other U.S. persons 48,020 51,687
By MOFAs 48,020 51,687
By other foreign affiliates3 n.a. n.a.
Addenda
All U.S. exports of goods4 1,451,460 1,546,473
MNE-associated U.S. exports as a percentage of total 56.9 54.3
Intra-MNE exports as a percentage of total 22.1 21.8
All U.S. imports of goods4 2,186,786 2,339,884
MNE-associated U.S. imports as a percentage of total 43.1 41.6
Intra-MNE imports as a percentage of total 16.3 16.1
MOFA
Majority-owned foreign affiliate
n.a.
Not available
  1. This number is calculated as total exports (imports) between U.S. parents and all of their foreign affiliates (as reported for U.S. parents) less exports (imports) between U.S. parents and MOFAs (as reported for MOFAs).
  2. Pertains to U.S. parents that are, in turn, owned 10 percent or more by a foreign person. The foreign parent group consists of (1) the foreign parent of the U.S. parent, (2) any foreign person, proceeding up the foreign parent’s ownership chain, that owns more than 50 percent of the person below it, and (3) any foreign person, proceeding down the ownership chain(s) of each of these members, that is owned more than 50 percent by the person above it.
  3. This number is calculated as total exports (imports) associated with other (that is, minority-owned and 50 percent owned) foreign affiliates (as reported for affiliates) less the estimate of exports (imports) between U.S. parents and other foreign affiliates that are calculated as described in footnote 1. However, these estimates may be imprecise because of differences in the coverage of the data reported for U.S. parents and for foreign affiliates.
  4. U.S. trade in goods data are reported on a total Census basis, and obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau.

The $13.1 billion increase mostly reflected a $17.1 billion, or 5.3 percent, increase in intra-MNE trade, which was partly offset by a $4.0 billion, or 0.8 percent, decrease in MNE trade with others. By industry of the affiliate, chemical manufacturing and motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts manufacturing accounted for the largest increase in intra-MNE trade.

In 2017, MNE-associated imports of goods increased $30.7 billion, or 3.3 percent, to $973.0 billion. By comparison, total U.S. imports of goods increased 7.0 percent to $2.3 trillion. As a result of these different growth rates, the MNE-associated share of total U.S. imports of goods decreased to 41.6 percent in 2017 from 43.1 percent in 2016.

The $30.7 billion increase in MNE-associated U.S. imports of goods reflected increases in both intra-MNE trade ($21.3 billion or 6.0 percent) and MNE trade with others ($9.4 billion or 1.6 percent). The largest increases in intra-MNE trade were imports by U.S. parents in manufacturing, particularly in petroleum and coal products, and in motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts.

Research and development

R&D expenditures by U.S. MNEs increased 3.3 percent to $354.9 billion in 2017 (tables 1 and 2).9 R&D expenditures by U.S. parents increased 3.1 percent to $298.3 billion, and R&D expenditures by foreign affiliates increased 4.2 percent to $56.6 billion.

By industry, nearly one-half of the increase in U.S. MNEs’ R&D expenditures was accounted for by U.S. parents in chemical manufacturing and in computers and electronic products manufacturing. By area, R&D expenditures of the affiliates increased in every major geographic area (table 5).

Value added

Current-dollar value added of U.S. parents decreased $13.7 billion, or 0.3 percent, to $3.9 trillion in 2017 (table 1 and chart 1), compared with a 4.4 percent increase in value added of all U.S. private companies (table 4).

Table 4. Selected Statistics for U.S. Parents and for All U.S. Companies, by Industry, 2016 and 2017—Continues
  Millions of dollars
Value added1 Capital expenditures2 R&D expenditures3 Employee compensation4
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
U.S. parents
All industries 3,916,185 3,902,521 641,469 653,637 289,392 298,321 2,199,969 2,250,885
Mining 67,767 87,765 39,236 45,082 797 927 30,160 31,574
Manufacturing 1,383,961 1,347,216 194,146 193,325 195,423 201,102 725,735 733,402
Wholesale trade 239,201 228,305 46,595 42,287 7,521 6,803 124,455 130,356
Retail trade 384,197 383,285 44,577 48,188 2,198 2,364 192,727 193,907
Information 476,727 484,209 92,932 99,217 48,403 51,782 218,577 228,956
Finance and insurance 504,820 491,219 63,773 66,034 1,514 1,590 367,713 377,940
Professional, scientific, and technical services 243,195 241,137 10,854 12,207 24,170 24,547 174,033 177,905
Other industries 616,317 639,385 149,357 147,296 9,366 9,205 366,570 376,846
  All U.S. companies
All private industries 16,319,400 17,031,700 1,479,439 1,581,840 374,685 n.a. 8,079,913 8,478,268
Mining 216,200 268,600 92,641 132,563 3,296 n.a. 75,440 77,472
Manufacturing 2,085,200 2,179,600 243,595 248,304 250,553 n.a. 1,014,006 1,056,160
Wholesale trade 1,136,600 1,174,100 43,768 43,371 452 n.a. 511,689 533,130
Retail trade 1,052,000 1,087,100 86,931 91,828 n.a. n.a. 588,234 606,945
Information 998,100 1,050,800 142,911 158,584 70,748 n.a. 328,674 348,765
Finance and insurance 1,432,700 1,465,900 161,653 167,468 7,331 n.a. 734,481 788,255
Professional, scientific, and technical services 1,381,100 1,450,000 31,728 37,545 37,595 n.a. 936,437 984,769
Other industries 8,017,500 8,355,600 676,212 702,177 n.a. n.a. 3,890,952 4,082,772
Table 4. Selected Statistics for U.S. Parents and for All U.S. Companies, by Industry, 2016 and 2017—Table ends
  Thousands of employees5 2016-2017 Percent Change
2016 2017 Value added Capital expenditures R&D expenditures Employee Compensation Employment
U.S. parents
All industries 28,022.6 28,071.2 −0.3 1.9 3.1 2.3 0.2
Mining 261.4 272.2 29.5 14.9 16.3 4.7 4.1
Manufacturing 7,359.9 7,350.8 −2.7 −0.4 2.9 1.1 −0.1
Wholesale trade 1,683.3 1,738.8 −4.6 −9.2 −9.5 4.7 3.3
Retail trade 5,891.7 5,812.3 −0.2 8.1 7.6 0.6 −1.3
Information 2,164.0 2,222.2 1.6 6.8 7.0 4.7 2.7
Finance and insurance 2,859.9 2,844.3 −2.7 3.5 5.0 2.8 −0.5
Professional, scientific, and technical services 1,619.1 1,618.8 −0.8 12.5 1.6 2.2 0.0
Other industries 6,183.3 6,211.9 3.7 −1.4 −1.7 2.8 0.5
  All U.S. companies
All private industries 125,610 127,419 4.4 6.9 n.a. 4.9 1.4
Mining 611 621 24.2 43.1 n.a. 2.7 1.6
Manufacturing 12,335 12,450 4.5 1.9 n.a. 4.2 0.9
Wholesale trade 5,899 5,936 3.3 −0.9 n.a. 4.2 0.6
Retail trade 15,964 15,990 3.3 5.6 n.a. 3.2 0.2
Information 2,817 2,820 5.3 11.0 n.a. 6.1 0.1
Finance and insurance 6,152 6,275 2.3 3.6 n.a. 7.3 2.0
Professional, scientific, and technical services 8,932 9,081 5.0 18.3 n.a. 5.2 1.7
Other industries 72,900 74,246 4.2 3.8 n.a. 4.9 1.8
n.a.
Not available
  1. Statistics for all U.S. companies are from BEA's GDP by industry series.
  2. Statistics for all U.S. companies are from the Census Bureau Annual Capital Expenditures Survey (Table 4a and Table 4b. Capital Expenditures for Structures and Equipment for Companies With Employees by Industry).
  3. Statistics for all U.S. companies are from the National Science Foundation, Research and Development in Industry.
  4. Statistics for all U.S. companies are from BEA's national income and product accounts (NIPA Table 6.2D. Compensation of Employees by Industry).
  5. Statistics for all U.S. companies are from BEA's national income and product accounts (NIPA Table 6.4D. Full-Time and Part-Time Employees by Industry).

For U.S. parents, the largest decreases in value added were concentrated in pharmaceutical manufacturing and transportation equipment manufacturing. The largest decrease in nonmanufacturing industries was a $13.6 billion decrease in finance and insurance, of which 82 percent of the decrease was accounted for by parents in depository credit intermediation (banking). These decreases in U.S. parents’ value added were partly offset by an increase in value added in petroleum-related manufacturing and mining industries, partly as a result of a 24.6 percent increase in oil prices.

Employment

Employment by U.S. parents increased 0.2 percent in 2017 to 28.1 million workers, compared with a 1.4 percent increase in employment by all U.S. private companies (tables 1 and 4). Employment by U.S. parents in manufacturing decreased 0.1 percent, compared with a 0.9 percent increase by all U.S. private companies in manufacturing (table 4).

Capital expenditures

Capital expenditures by U.S. parents increased 1.9 percent in 2017 to $653.6 billion, compared with a 6.9 percent increase in capital expenditures by all U.S. private companies (tables 1 and 4). About four-fifths of the increase in capital expenditures for U.S. parents was accounted for by petroleum-related industries.

Research and development

R&D expenditures by U.S. parents increased 3.1 percent in 2017 to $298.3 billion (tables 1 and 4). Nearly two-thirds of the increase was in manufacturing, primarily in pharmaceuticals and medicines and in computers and electronic products.

U.S. parents’ share of operations of all U.S. companies. U.S. parent companies tend to be large firms that are global leaders in their industries and therefore account for a large share of U.S. production. In 2017, U.S. parents accounted for 22.9 percent of value added for all U.S. companies (table 4). They also accounted for large shares of the inputs to production used by all U.S. companies—41.3 percent of capital expenditures, 22.0 percent of U.S. employment, and 26.5 percent of employee compensation. The higher share of employee compensation compared with the share of employees may reflect U.S. parents’ need to pay compensation commensurate with a more highly skilled workforce. The importance of employee skill and innovation to parent firms is evident in the U.S. parents’ 77.2 percent share of R&D expenditures by all U.S. companies in 2016.10

Value added

Current-dollar value added of foreign affiliates increased 8.9 percent to $1.4 trillion in 2017 (tables 1 and 5 and chart 1) after decreasing 4.2 percent in 2016.

Value added of foreign affiliates increased in all major industry categories. The largest increases were in manufacturing and in mining. The increases in manufacturing were concentrated in computers and electronic products and in food.

Value added of foreign affiliates increased in every major geographic area (table 5 and chart 1). The largest increase was in Europe, where the value added of foreign affiliates increased $47.8 billion, or 7.2 percent.

Table 5. Selected Statistics for Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates by Major Area and by Major Industry of Affiliate, 2016 and 2017—Continues
  Millions of dollars
Value added Capital expenditures R&D expenditures Compensation of employees
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
All countries, all industries 1,302,066 1,418,362 195,087 199,590 54,307 56,598 600,163 614,731
By area
Canada 119,377 131,276 25,147 21,948 3,443 3,513 60,655 62,721
Europe 667,248 715,037 78,922 83,399 32,556 32,877 304,741 309,922
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 137,714 157,857 29,614 30,578 1,917 2,234 64,167 66,782
Africa 25,839 27,648 7,789 6,889 114 116 7,459 7,294
Middle East 21,404 24,601 3,372 3,233 2,668 2,832 10,912 11,898
Asia and Pacific 330,484 361,942 50,245 53,544 13,610 15,026 152,228 156,114
By industry of affiliate
Mining 80,247 104,421 45,530 41,011 271 316 18,564 18,649
Manufacturing 551,349 600,694 63,275 68,684 30,937 31,613 218,992 223,582
Wholesale trade 157,594 160,338 10,568 9,565 5,087 4,878 56,877 57,857
Retail trade 78,758 82,124 7,808 6,696 45 42 31,774 33,112
Information 83,983 89,064 12,593 14,183 5,166 5,469 36,842 37,289
Finance and insurance 88,572 100,951 7,255 7,303 197 219 64,808 66,588
Professional, scientific, and technical services 130,302 146,708 6,224 6,735 12,256 13,518 84,477 85,249
Other industries 131,262 134,061 41,834 45,412 348 542 87,830 92,405
Table 5. Selected Statistics for Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates by Major Area and by Major Industry of Affiliate, 2016 and 2017—Table ends
  Thousands of employees 2016–2017 percent change
2016 2017 Value added Capital expenditures R&D expenditures Compensation of employees Employment
All countries, all industries 14,265.4 14,399.9 8.9 2.3 4.2 2.4 0.9
By area
Canada 1,201.9 1,227.1 10.0 −12.7 2.0 3.4 2.1
Europe 4,729.5 4,797.0 7.2 5.7 1.0 1.7 1.4
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 2,805.8 2,839.3 14.6 3.3 16.5 4.1 1.2
Africa 255.4 252.0 7.0 −11.6 1.8 −2.2 −1.3
Middle East 136.4 140.5 14.9 −4.1 6.1 9.0 3.0
Asia and Pacific 5,136.4 5,143.8 9.5 6.6 10.4 2.6 0.1
By industry of affiliate
Mining 236.1 242.5 30.1 −9.9 16.6 0.5 2.7
Manufacturing 5,406.4 5,440.6 8.9 8.5 2.2 2.1 0.6
Wholesale trade 935.5 983.3 1.7 −9.5 −4.1 1.7 5.1
Retail trade 1,579.1 1,629.1 4.3 −14.2 −6.7 4.2 3.2
Information 633.1 613.0 6.1 12.6 5.9 1.2 −3.2
Finance and insurance 711.1 732.4 14.0 0.7 11.2 2.7 3.0
Professional, scientific, and technical services 1,466.2 1,492.9 12.6 8.2 10.3 0.9 1.8
Other industries 3,297.9 3,266.1 2.1 8.6 55.7 5.2 −1.0

By industry, the largest increase in Europe was in manufacturing ($17.6 billion), mainly food ($8.6 billion) and computers and electronic products ($4.5 billion).

By country, the largest increases in Europe were in the United Kingdom ($16.6 billion) and in the Netherlands ($13.1 billion).

In Asia and Pacific, the value added of foreign affiliates increased $31.5 billion, or 9.5 percent. By industry, the largest increase occurred in computers and electronic products manufacturing ($11.1 billion). By country, the largest increases were in Australia ($6.9 billion), China ($5.1 billion), and India ($5.1 billion).

In Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere, the value added of foreign affiliates increased $20.1 billion, or 14.6 percent. By industry, the largest increases were in manufacturing and in mining. By country, the largest increase was in Mexico ($5.6 billion).

In Canada, the value added of foreign affiliates increased $11.9 billion, or 10.0 percent. The increase was largely accounted for by affiliates in manufacturing ($6.9 billion), particularly in food, in transportation equipment, and in mining ($4.2 billion).

In the Middle East, the value added of foreign affiliates increased $3.2 billion, or 14.9 percent. By industry, the largest increase was in mining. By country, the increases were concentrated in the United Arab Emirates and Israel.

In Africa, the value added of foreign affiliates increased $1.8 billion, or 7.0 percent. By industry, the increase was largest in mining, particularly oil and gas extraction. By country, most of the increase was in Nigeria.

Employment

Employment by foreign affiliates increased 0.9 percent to 14.4 million workers in 2017 (tables 1 and 5).

The 0.9 percent increase in employment contrasts with the 8.9 percent increase in value added of foreign affiliates. Value added per employee increased by 7.9 percent, from $91,274 in 2016 to $98,498 in 2017.11 This increase was largely attributable to increases in value added per employee in specific industries rather than a shift in foreign affiliate operations toward industries with high value added per employee.12

A decomposition of the change in value added per employee into the three components (across industry, within industry, and an interaction effect) reveals that the increase in value added per employee in 2017 was largely driven by within-industry increases, where the increases were concentrated in manufacturing (mostly in computers and electronic products and in food), and mining (primarily oil and gas extraction) industries that were consistent with a rise in oil prices.

By industry, the increase in affiliate employment was concentrated in wholesale trade and in retail trade.

By area, the largest increase in employment was in Europe, followed by Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere and Canada. By country, more than one-half of the increase was from affiliates in India; employment in several other countries in the Asia and Pacific area decreased, particularly in the Philippines and China.

Affiliate employment was largest in “global” cities in 2017 (table 6). Global cities are characterized by a high degree of interconnectedness, a cosmopolitan environment, and a high level of advanced producer services.13, 14 The eight cities with the largest employment by foreign affiliates (Shanghai, London, Sao Paulo, Bangalore, Chennai, Tokyo, Mississauga, and Mexico City) accounted for about 12.6 percent of total employment by foreign affiliates.

Table 6. Employment of Affiliates by Major Cities for Selected Countries,1 2016 and 2017
[Thousands of employees]
City Country 2016 2017
Shanghai China 309.0 374.5
London United Kingdom 301.6 343.2
Sao Paulo Brazil 303.1 297.8
Bangalore India 240.8 242.4
Chennai India 238.9 239.2
Tokyo Japan2 217.0 217.5
Mississauga Canada 197.8 214.4
Mexico City Mexico 188.6 212.3
  1. Includes countries with affiliate employment of at least 500,000 and cities with a population of at least 500,000 that have at least 20 affiliates.
  2. Total number of affiliate employment for Japan were less than 500,000 in 2016 and 2017.

Capital expenditures

Capital expenditures by foreign affiliates increased 2.3 percent in 2017 to $199.6 billion (tables 1 and 5). The increase in capital expenditures was concentrated in basic chemical manufacturing and in real estate.

Capital expenditures increased in most major geographic areas, with the largest increases in Europe and in Asia and Pacific. By country, the largest increases occurred in Mexico ($2.4 billion), India ($1.4 billion), and Luxembourg ($1.2 billion).

Research and development

R&D expenditures by foreign affiliates increased 4.2 percent in 2017 to $56.6 billion (tables 1 and 5). As was the case in 2016, R&D expenditures were concentrated in a small number of host countries. Ten countries—Germany, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, China, India, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Israel, and France—accounted for nearly three-fourths of total R&D expenditures by foreign affiliates in 2017. Just three of these countries—Germany, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland—together accounted for more than one-third of R&D expenditures by foreign affiliates.

By industry, R&D expenditures by foreign affiliates increased in all major industry groups except in wholesale trade and in retail trade (table 4). The largest increase was in professional, scientific, and technical services ($1.2 billion), of which nearly half of the increase was accounted for by R&D expenditures in scientific R&D services.

By area, the largest increase was in Asia and Pacific ($1.4 billion).

 

  1. Statistics on oil prices are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
  2. The 10 major foreign affiliate host countries are the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Germany, China, the Netherlands, Switzerland, France, Mexico, and Singapore. Current-dollar values of GDP are from the World Bank.
  3. For more information about the statistics on U.S. direct investment abroad collected by BEA, see chapter 12 of U.S. International Economic Accounts: Concepts and Methods.
  4. For information on inward direct investment, see Sarah Stutzman, “Activities of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in 2016,” Survey of Current Business 98 (December 2018).
  5. These two sets of statistics partly overlap because some U.S. companies are both foreign owned and own foreign affiliates; these U.S companies are included in both the inward and outward statistics on the activities of MNEs. U.S. MNEs that are ultimately foreign owned account for around 10 percent of the employment and value added of all U.S. parents and for approximately 5 percent of the employment and value added of majority-owned foreign affiliates.
  6. Income group classifications are from the World Bank.
  7. The U.S. MNE shares of U.S. exports and imports of goods are computed using data from the Census Bureau.
  8. For more information, see Maria Borga and William J. Zeile, “International Fragmentation of Production and the Intrafirm Trade of U.S. Multinational Companies,” BEA Working Paper WP2004–02 (2004).
  9. Total R&D expenditures cover employee compensation expenses (including stock-based compensation), materials and supplies, depreciation expense, computer software, utilities, travel, professional dues, taxes, insurance, maintenance and repair, and allocated company overhead. The R&D expenditures data are collected in the BEA Annual Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad (BE–11) on the same basis as those in the Census Bureau Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS) covering all U.S. companies.
  10. The 2017 R&D expenditures data for all U.S. companies will be available from the Business Research and Development Survey (BRDS) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) in September 2019. For the release date, see the NSF website.
  11. Changes in value added per employee are not intended to measure actual changes in worker productivity, because these estimates are not adjusted for changes in prices or exchange rates.
  12. Changes in value added per employee can be decomposed into changes resulting from a reallocation of production across industries, changes occurring within industries, and an interaction effect. For details on how differences in ratios like the year-to-year changes in value added per employee can be decomposed into the three components, see Raymond J. Mataloni Jr., “An Examination of the Low Rates of Return of Foreign-Owned U.S. Companies,” Survey 80 (March 2000).
  13. Anthony Goerzen, Christian G. Asmussen, and Bo B. Nielsen, "Global cities and multinational enterprise location strategy," Journal of International Business Studies 44 (June 2013): 427–450.
  14. For more information about the list of global cities, see the Globalization and World Cities Research Network website.

 

Table 7.1. Selected Statistics for U.S. Parents by Industry of U.S. Parent, 2016

  Millions of dollars Thousands of employees
Total assets Sales U.S. exports of goods shipped by parents U.S. imports of goods shipped to parents Net income Capital expenditures R&D expenditures Value added Compensation of employees
All industries 40,464,823 12,616,391 781,932 894,307 1,135,731 641,469 289,392 3,916,185 2,199,969 28,022.6
Mining 563,216 138,218 12,002 2,125 −32,162 39,236 797 67,767 30,160 261.4
Oil and gas extraction 295,289 57,899 1,942 (D) −26,997 24,837 (D) 32,850 7,947 46.7
Other 267,927 80,319 10,061 (D) −5,166 14,399 (D) 34,917 22,213 214.7
Manufacturing 8,295,588 4,300,811 635,373 543,874 433,229 194,146 195,423 1,383,961 725,735 7,359.9
Food 683,676 472,443 53,241 16,081 31,776 13,932 2,609 109,323 55,108 846.6
Beverages and tobacco products 363,323 119,359 5,916 5,216 34,776 4,059 478 68,957 12,290 145.7
Textiles, apparel, and leather products 42,158 39,376 4,023 11,298 2,883 1,607 203 12,016 7,667 177.9
Wood products 23,156 18,319 1,193 670 542 513 177 7,951 5,394 99.8
Paper 150,018 90,366 11,662 5,842 9,112 4,489 1,878 33,170 19,371 182.4
Printing and related support activities 26,083 24,751 1,195 290 29 1,255 128 9,758 7,131 108.5
Petroleum and coal products 1,124,080 582,006 54,949 95,137 7,945 26,220 2,746 113,738 43,277 268.8
Chemicals 1,842,123 640,762 97,990 87,654 121,027 31,493 61,913 279,360 111,108 883.7
Basic chemicals 183,918 96,827 22,621 10,867 8,824 6,684 1,159 30,665 12,464 114.4
Resins and synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments 142,683 39,551 16,668 4,962 6,726 5,591 3,600 13,308 9,751 84.9
Pharmaceuticals and medicines 1,259,835 375,802 47,688 64,530 85,628 12,478 53,794 179,818 67,001 407.4
Soap, cleaning compounds, and toilet preparations 134,566 68,199 3,664 2,787 14,837 2,629 2,375 35,642 10,672 145.8
Other 121,121 60,382 7,350 4,507 5,013 4,110 985 19,927 11,220 131.1
Plastics and rubber products 149,894 94,116 8,279 8,048 8,601 4,301 1,482 37,121 20,167 312.7
Nonmetallic mineral products 69,582 29,376 3,070 1,322 1,884 1,809 416 11,538 7,274 81.7
Primary and fabricated metals 230,276 174,297 19,394 10,760 4,280 7,361 1,195 49,353 33,728 435.1
Primary metals 167,797 131,291 13,478 6,510 1,135 5,259 635 32,374 21,887 267.8
Fabricated metal products 62,478 43,006 5,916 4,250 3,145 2,102 559 16,980 11,841 167.2
Machinery 456,175 228,819 61,970 27,395 13,268 9,017 8,885 66,959 50,772 550.6
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery 213,201 82,152 29,638 13,916 575 4,226 3,349 11,985 15,187 143.0
Industrial machinery 101,837 45,836 11,647 4,547 3,717 1,859 2,689 20,687 13,213 136.1
Other 141,137 100,831 20,685 8,932 8,975 2,931 2,847 34,287 22,372 271.5
Computers and electronic products 1,150,697 555,688 84,215 66,355 102,455 24,607 59,175 231,323 122,560 964.4
Computers and peripheral equipment 390,441 188,257 18,520 13,773 50,717 7,110 17,232 91,506 35,363 253.0
Communications equipment 175,459 66,533 5,688 17,516 13,390 1,841 9,863 26,010 15,448 113.9
Audio and video equipment (D) 10,728 (D) (D) 546 309 835 3,333 2,283 K
Semiconductors and other electronic components 307,589 159,766 27,615 17,313 19,662 11,598 19,915 52,504 30,294 229.4
Navigational, measuring, and other instruments 261,355 130,064 30,290 16,080 18,115 3,743 11,330 57,809 39,044 337.8
Magnetic and optical media (D) 339 (D) (D) 24 7 0 161 127 G
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components 211,018 108,659 20,624 15,814 11,000 4,399 4,249 38,398 25,120 280.2
Transportation equipment 1,345,959 926,811 184,928 167,012 62,567 52,480 40,285 233,398 148,505 1,435.1
Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts 666,535 553,797 89,294 123,543 26,862 41,035 16,979 103,679 54,313 647.4
Other 679,424 373,014 95,635 43,469 35,705 11,445 23,306 129,719 94,192 787.7
Furniture and related products 21,646 22,755 1,324 1,257 1,309 658 595 8,654 6,177 83.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing 405,724 172,907 21,399 23,723 19,774 5,947 9,009 72,945 50,086 503.4
Wholesale trade 1,583,758 1,773,426 105,732 247,191 67,484 46,595 7,521 239,201 124,455 1,683.3
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies 81,183 116,661 4,730 16,872 2,083 1,506 1,953 18,142 13,855 149.5
Petroleum and petroleum products 124,002 135,174 9,492 11,163 4,054 7,696 (D) 13,126 3,280 34.8
Drugs and druggists' sundries 156,895 450,617 3,848 3,639 10,203 1,962 2,040 25,030 11,390 114.9
Other 1,221,677 1,070,974 87,662 215,517 51,144 35,431 (D) 182,903 95,931 1,384.0
Retail trade 966,821 1,605,783 10,054 83,546 64,605 44,577 2,198 384,197 192,727 5,891.7
General merchandise stores 273,929 586,423 5,882 (D) 20,349 12,886 0 145,362 76,633 2,476.8
Clothing and clothing accessories stores 86,825 123,149 1,982 22,531 8,186 4,384 (D) 42,511 23,205 885.9
Other 606,066 896,212 2,190 (D) 36,070 27,307 (D) 196,324 92,890 2,529.0
Information 2,713,584 1,104,961 6,015 9,409 137,959 92,932 48,403 476,727 218,577 2,164.0
Publishing industries 454,877 183,135 4,042 5,786 29,844 8,846 20,015 91,242 54,698 449.1
Motion picture and sound recording industries 76,784 28,072 (D) 6 380 1,403 (D) 7,006 4,429 107.4
Broadcasting (except Internet) and telecommunications 1,595,704 599,985 377 (D) 63,201 66,274 2,936 269,119 97,327 1,065.0
Broadcasting (except Internet) 303,224 131,706 (D) (D) 22,988 4,035 45 62,618 20,910 263.2
Telecommunications 1,292,480 468,280 (D) (D) 40,214 62,239 2,891 206,502 76,417 801.9
Data processing, hosting, and related services 140,476 146,397 (D) (D) 5,239 2,855 2,716 34,641 22,152 237.3
Other information services 445,743 147,372 (D) (D) 39,294 13,553 (D) 74,718 39,971 305.1
Finance and insurance 22,809,550 2,066,192 649 374 292,854 63,773 1,514 504,820 367,713 2,859.9
Depository credit intermediation (banking) 8,764,272 422,721 0 0 97,354 8,628 (D) 195,402 119,147 1,010.5
Finance, except depository institutions 6,925,134 496,336 (D) (D) 135,621 41,318 1,096 178,021 123,911 716.8
Insurance carriers and related activities 7,120,143 1,147,135 (D) (D) 59,879 13,826 (D) 131,398 124,655 1,132.5
Professional, scientific, and technical services 741,516 421,409 (D) (D) 68,635 10,854 24,170 243,195 174,033 1,619.1
Architectural, engineering, and related services 65,616 57,777 1,056 (D) 1,392 1,103 (D) 22,932 21,483 218.8
Computer systems design and related services 334,073 127,893 (D) (D) 25,016 4,496 13,859 70,013 51,595 437.3
Management, scientific, and technical consulting 71,571 41,362 1 1 3,851 924 (D) 25,802 20,999 207.4
Advertising and related services 77,698 32,558 0 0 2,412 1,054 179 20,007 15,244 139.9
Other 192,558 161,821 (D) (D) 35,965 3,278 8,050 104,442 64,711 615.7
Other industries 2,790,791 1,205,591 (D) (D) 103,128 149,357 9,366 616,317 366,570 6,183.3
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 35,669 13,245 1,739 (D) 1,699 1,094 (D) 5,669 2,138 37.5
Construction 128,012 134,883 2,217 (D) 3,796 3,426 78 44,653 36,306 361.1
Utilities 726,861 173,177 296 (D) 12,185 47,895 8 70,402 19,554 174.3
Transportation and warehousing 571,243 331,541 604 (D) 25,457 36,536 (D) 180,421 107,963 1,363.8
Real estate and rental and leasing 464,493 119,183 346 861 19,330 36,357 (D) 69,938 31,942 354.0
Management of nonbank companies and enterprises 203,906 658 (D) 2 7,625 593 (*) 6,070 882 7.8
Administration, support, and waste management 193,391 135,149 590 (D) 8,287 5,919 480 68,134 54,254 1,136.6
Health care and social assistance 154,380 123,582 43 (D) 7,041 6,550 (D) 77,272 57,242 822.2
Accommodation and food services 186,482 110,730 (D) (D) 16,375 6,322 132 66,854 38,058 1,427.0
Miscellaneous services 126,354 63,442 741 835 1,333 4,665 342 26,902 18,231 498.9
*
Between zero and +/- $500,000, or fewer than 50 employees
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies

Note. The following ranges are given in employment cells that are suppressed: A–1 to 499; F–500 to 999; G–1,000 to 2,499; H–2,500 to 4,999; I–5,000 to 9,999; J–10,000 to 24,999; K–25,000 to 49,999; L–50,000 to 99,999; M–100,000 or more.

Table 7.2. Selected Statistics for U.S. Parents by Industry of U.S. Parent, 2017

  Millions of dollars Thousands of employees
Total assets Sales U.S. exports of goods shipped by parents U.S. imports of goods shipped to parents Net income Capital expenditures R&D expenditures Value added Compensation of employees
All industries 42,143,617 13,260,201 792,521 921,315 1,249,804 653,637 298,321 3,902,521 2,250,885 28,071.2
Mining 551,622 163,636 13,403 2,503 −1,641 45,082 927 87,765 31,574 272.2
Oil and gas extraction 282,362 72,440 1,969 579 −8,631 31,627 (D) 43,482 8,196 48.4
Other 269,260 91,196 11,434 1,925 6,990 13,455 (D) 44,283 23,378 223.8
Manufacturing 8,626,437 4,562,701 647,357 565,890 430,360 193,325 201,102 1,347,216 733,402 7,350.8
Food 726,101 481,340 54,685 16,410 37,000 13,931 2,595 111,602 56,731 829.7
Beverages and tobacco products 324,681 114,674 5,239 5,285 20,693 3,763 355 55,462 10,631 125.9
Textiles, apparel, and leather products 43,762 37,864 4,083 11,273 1,218 1,701 218 8,030 7,949 176.7
Wood products 7,282 10,151 430 243 728 349 45 4,360 1,892 30.8
Paper 149,557 94,406 12,463 7,290 10,768 4,243 1,988 32,022 20,230 216.4
Printing and related support activities 26,767 24,883 1,431 258 374 1,409 153 10,268 7,527 107.1
Petroleum and coal products 1,144,601 718,440 60,102 104,379 46,505 28,855 2,696 143,620 46,442 325.7
Chemicals 1,943,927 675,039 102,106 89,558 88,356 29,990 65,197 236,431 118,877 913.9
Basic chemicals 191,684 105,111 24,593 11,228 13,211 7,025 1,151 32,788 13,440 115.5
Resins and synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments 157,094 42,311 16,915 4,973 4,533 4,946 3,716 15,132 10,954 83.4
Pharmaceuticals and medicines 1,296,052 391,605 48,563 65,800 41,867 12,683 56,930 124,108 71,487 423.9
Soap, cleaning compounds, and toilet preparations 162,033 72,984 4,095 2,613 22,036 2,992 2,487 43,135 11,283 149.4
Other 137,066 63,027 7,940 4,943 6,708 2,345 912 21,267 11,713 141.6
Plastics and rubber products 147,788 97,302 8,129 7,683 7,426 4,149 1,506 36,316 19,999 317.4
Nonmetallic mineral products 70,915 27,251 2,426 1,144 957 1,853 416 10,666 7,342 78.1
Primary and fabricated metals 250,677 189,978 20,011 12,213 9,167 7,979 1,296 50,337 35,542 442.6
Primary metals 177,084 141,889 13,850 7,401 4,920 5,609 652 33,284 22,864 273.5
Fabricated metal products 73,593 48,089 6,162 4,812 4,248 2,370 644 17,053 12,678 169.1
Machinery 500,315 238,796 62,172 27,707 21,776 8,067 9,046 73,272 50,042 515.7
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery 214,716 93,409 29,587 13,604 5,306 3,722 3,310 18,366 14,235 137.0
Industrial machinery 116,792 36,355 10,939 3,620 7,238 1,658 2,761 19,397 10,647 92.0
Other 168,806 109,032 21,647 10,483 9,232 2,687 2,975 35,508 25,160 286.8
Computers and electronic products 1,232,811 590,577 86,546 67,795 103,634 26,852 61,195 240,188 126,113 949.0
Computers and peripheral equipment 393,943 203,411 17,988 14,334 47,773 6,676 18,092 88,291 35,743 226.0
Communications equipment 186,130 69,702 6,047 17,251 11,610 1,748 9,373 25,042 15,367 113.7
Audio and video equipment (D) 11,251 (D) (D) 602 332 876 3,351 2,382 K
Semiconductors and other electronic components 350,887 172,975 28,516 17,628 28,421 14,114 21,528 67,545 32,620 236.4
Navigational, measuring, and other instruments 285,070 132,881 31,809 16,866 15,205 3,974 11,326 55,796 39,872 341.8
Magnetic and optical media (D) 357 (D) (D) 23 7 0 162 130 G
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components 211,756 107,483 20,375 16,902 9,997 4,302 4,336 37,645 25,754 276.0
Transportation equipment 1,427,431 962,181 186,729 173,648 49,025 48,880 40,776 214,387 142,944 1,464.9
Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts 719,536 587,822 95,332 130,552 29,171 38,138 18,113 104,297 56,070 673.9
Other 707,895 374,359 91,398 43,096 19,854 10,742 22,663 110,090 86,874 791.0
Furniture and related products 22,007 23,420 1,449 1,290 1,161 663 606 8,729 6,266 83.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing 396,061 168,916 18,979 22,811 21,577 6,339 8,679 73,882 49,119 496.8
Wholesale trade 1,743,672 1,867,369 101,988 252,221 101,126 42,287 6,803 228,305 130,356 1,738.8
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies 86,226 123,870 4,671 16,807 11,777 1,355 1,792 27,533 14,430 160.4
Petroleum and petroleum products 136,302 144,582 9,873 11,841 4,868 8,121 (D) 13,775 3,450 37.5
Drugs and druggists' sundries 170,468 477,316 4,105 3,942 11,414 1,935 1,676 25,730 12,120 128.3
Other 1,350,676 1,121,601 83,340 219,631 73,068 30,876 (D) 161,266 100,355 1,412.6
Retail trade 1,007,673 1,653,443 11,336 84,653 67,163 48,188 2,364 383,285 193,907 5,812.3
General merchandise stores 296,223 618,119 5,684 (D) 18,663 13,477 0 143,334 79,812 2,493.5
Clothing and clothing accessories stores 89,907 126,864 2,406 21,935 7,350 4,671 (D) 42,353 23,848 886.1
Other 621,543 908,460 3,245 (D) 41,150 30,040 (D) 197,598 90,247 2,432.7
Information 2,881,182 1,146,890 5,964 8,284 181,885 99,217 51,782 484,209 228,956 2,222.2
Publishing industries 521,543 190,524 4,259 4,751 34,230 8,028 20,780 91,200 58,726 462.3
Motion picture and sound recording industries 80,495 29,671 28 (D) 456 1,830 (D) 7,706 4,830 115.6
Broadcasting (except Internet) and telecommunications 1,671,079 613,045 359 (D) 99,342 67,258 3,187 266,280 95,322 1,064.1
Broadcasting (except Internet) 315,341 134,627 48 (D) 21,384 4,266 (D) 56,728 20,612 259.6
Telecommunications 1,355,738 478,418 311 (D) 77,959 62,993 (D) 209,552 74,710 804.6
Data processing, hosting, and related services 156,577 155,363 (D) (D) 8,014 2,973 3,106 39,973 26,247 290.0
Other information services 451,488 158,288 (D) (D) 39,842 19,128 (D) 79,050 43,830 290.2
Finance and insurance 23,675,975 2,156,646 493 319 287,734 66,034 1,590 491,219 377,940 2,844.3
Depository credit intermediation (banking) 9,204,149 446,884 0 0 97,857 9,958 (D) 184,199 122,026 997.8
Finance, except depository institutions 7,244,820 516,322 (D) (D) 115,710 42,114 1,133 175,407 130,850 733.0
Insurance carriers and related activities 7,227,006 1,193,440 (D) (D) 74,167 13,962 (D) 131,614 125,064 1,113.4
Professional, scientific, and technical services 794,959 437,811 (D) (D) 62,781 12,207 24,547 241,137 177,905 1,618.8
Architectural, engineering, and related services 65,428 54,734 1,076 455 1,499 999 (D) 22,046 20,426 208.2
Computer systems design and related services 352,469 134,062 (D) (D) 18,687 4,610 13,618 66,125 52,011 435.0
Management, scientific, and technical consulting 101,421 44,678 1 1 3,616 1,296 (D) 26,267 22,692 220.4
Advertising and related services 80,000 32,434 0 0 2,596 1,043 176 20,125 15,250 139.1
Other 195,641 171,903 171 (D) 36,384 4,259 8,611 106,574 67,525 616.1
Other industries 2,862,099 1,271,705 (D) (D) 120,396 147,296 9,205 639,385 376,846 6,211.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 38,327 14,547 2,035 (D) 2,301 1,160 (D) 5,317 2,165 35.9
Construction 132,342 144,128 2,388 (D) 4,492 3,578 84 44,872 37,737 358.8
Utilities 730,833 181,609 283 199 17,954 48,736 8 74,106 20,072 172.4
Transportation and warehousing 567,630 352,537 557 (D) 35,149 38,069 (D) 194,217 112,964 1,414.2
Real estate and rental and leasing 495,323 125,808 (D) 736 14,318 32,453 (D) 64,910 32,921 359.2
Management of nonbank companies and enterprises 198,806 455 (*) 2 7,254 604 1 6,194 825 7.8
Administration, support, and waste management 208,927 144,459 630 (D) 10,581 5,878 639 72,126 54,611 1,120.0
Health care and social assistance 162,091 129,163 42 (D) 6,524 6,386 (D) 78,435 58,096 819.8
Accommodation and food services 169,645 109,784 (D) (D) 15,308 6,422 85 64,034 36,710 1,364.0
Miscellaneous services 158,175 69,213 733 (D) 6,514 4,010 323 35,173 20,745 559.6
*
Between zero and +/- $500,000, or fewer than 50 employees
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies

Note. The following ranges are given in employment cells that are suppressed: A–1 to 499; F–500 to 999; G–1,000 to 2,499; H–2,500 to 4,999; I–5,000 to 9,999; J–10,000 to 24,999; K–25,000 to 49,999; L–50,000 to 99,999; M–100,000 or more.

Table 8. Selected Statistics for Foreign Affiliates by Country of Affiliate, 2016 and 2017

  2016 2017
Millions of dollars Thousands of employees Millions of dollars Thousands of employees
Total assets Sales Net income U.S. exports of goods shipped to affiliates U.S. imports of goods shipped by affiliates Compensation of employees Total assets Sales Net income U.S. exports of goods shipped to affiliates U.S. imports of goods shipped by affiliates Compensation of employees
All countries 27,490,993 6,622,869 1,104,724 299,736 361,410 678,743 16,710.2 30,165,444 7,182,979 1,384,861 315,666 391,149 698,735 17,023.1
Canada 1,475,618 608,026 31,235 85,861 87,577 67,519 1,317.8 1,517,703 645,847 44,740 90,572 94,254 69,769 1,341.6
Europe 16,510,332 3,040,822 692,260 88,195 116,717 335,260 5,311.4 18,203,523 3,270,593 867,036 90,950 120,370 345,885 5,543.3
Austria (D) 22,676 (D) 425 69 3,610 48.2 (D) (D) 1,972 261 (D) 3,701 50.3
Belgium (D) (D) (D) 9,800 6,648 (D) M (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) M
Czech Republic 21,601 16,738 879 124 275 2,324 90.6 24,548 18,075 1,136 177 278 2,413 90.4
Denmark (D) (D) 1,108 283 1,204 (D) K (D) (D) (D) 307 1,237 (D) K
Finland (D) (D) (D) 32 240 (D) 20.7 (D) (D) 720 62 222 (D) 19.7
France 423,457 206,212 10,790 (D) 3,050 36,109 534.3 465,537 221,312 8,692 (D) 3,396 36,753 529.8
Germany 847,124 363,544 17,780 10,065 9,017 55,600 747.7 889,263 359,735 16,329 11,964 (D) 55,149 741.0
Greece 19,524 (D) 311 11 (D) 1,153 20.9 22,611 (D) 722 12 (D) 1,152 21.0
Hungary 62,581 17,310 4,282 168 1,062 1,703 69.8 89,775 17,324 3,449 332 821 1,813 70.3
Ireland 1,448,996 374,790 149,791 6,538 (D) 9,414 125.3 1,796,109 374,179 179,006 6,999 (D) 10,029 132.7
Italy 194,047 117,021 6,013 1,721 4,635 15,675 251.8 214,531 124,260 7,292 2,130 4,156 16,346 261.7
Luxembourg 2,421,043 80,337 100,934 1,954 (D) 2,376 38.3 2,623,559 89,657 121,975 2,029 5,338 2,185 K
Netherlands 2,948,393 295,318 179,383 (D) 17,552 21,984 331.5 3,307,252 320,117 262,295 (D) 18,006 22,960 343.4
Norway 135,827 28,523 15,101 581 (D) 4,305 43.1 122,507 31,265 9,124 628 996 4,221 41.0
Poland 66,929 44,350 2,518 734 467 5,394 224.8 72,773 46,549 2,322 852 522 5,590 231.4
Portugal 20,130 9,964 478 55 123 1,275 31.1 19,767 10,982 431 88 135 1,299 33.2
Russia 74,696 43,350 618 573 (D) 4,298 169.5 77,098 50,551 2,803 842 (D) 4,078 175.4
Spain 176,863 94,838 6,883 (D) 687 11,676 196.6 197,665 96,064 7,451 (D) 631 11,467 193.3
Sweden 127,835 35,857 5,135 288 748 6,043 76.4 128,186 36,111 4,937 329 785 5,999 76.2
Switzerland 947,702 323,545 69,229 16,635 19,387 14,359 113.6 1,066,618 360,525 70,511 14,194 (D) 14,790 112.5
Turkey 29,015 34,773 1,250 (D) 360 2,526 76.7 31,194 35,386 1,277 (D) (D) 2,499 78.3
United Kingdom 5,649,232 676,933 113,653 (D) 14,626 111,317 1,673.8 5,879,792 713,974 121,552 16,683 15,426 111,751 1,699.9
Other 299,428 53,801 −3,832 298 805 5,460 242.6 299,385 61,597 (D) (D) 873 5,792 M
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 4,232,072 820,218 188,843 57,637 78,791 76,058 3,349.7 4,745,351 884,221 240,843 59,444 87,061 78,212 3,383.6
South America 789,299 336,550 4,930 12,307 6,069 41,002 1,273.7 887,742 366,504 20,899 12,933 7,679 42,530 1,280.5
Argentina 69,935 46,119 1,955 1,088 1,105 5,970 145.9 71,130 48,647 4,258 1,632 1,698 6,446 151.1
Brazil 378,666 180,140 −1,943 6,866 3,295 23,744 730.4 411,922 199,567 2,640 6,979 4,110 24,584 721.2
Chile 187,626 37,380 2,953 1,228 407 3,918 159.9 244,843 41,980 2,743 1,155 (D) 4,039 170.7
Colombia 44,552 24,419 1,960 1,215 531 2,937 101.2 44,404 25,988 1,475 1,377 567 3,117 104.0
Ecuador 6,491 6,769 280 (D) (D) 617 23.2 6,815 7,037 279 (D) (D) 610 23.9
Peru (D) 15,757 (D) (D) 372 1,806 55.0 (D) 16,964 (D) (D) (D) 1,905 54.9
Venezuela (D) 17,641 (D) (D) 18 1,501 43.1 (D) 18,308 (D) (D) 7 1,373 41.2
Other 18,373 8,323 695 532 (D) 510 14.9 22,191 8,014 4,299 407 (D) 457 13.5
Central America 555,385 307,384 24,593 42,842 68,826 28,967 1,895.0 590,466 327,718 28,553 44,056 75,190 29,797 1,921.0
Costa Rica 39,786 13,705 1,086 (D) (D) 1,636 91.3 42,105 14,277 942 (D) (D) 1,717 95.9
Honduras 5,113 (D) (D) 511 514 576 52.6 (D) (D) (D) 469 (D) (D) L
Mexico 450,342 265,415 21,352 39,289 64,873 24,480 1,610.0 481,685 284,409 24,400 (D) 70,978 25,234 1,627.7
Panama (D) 11,544 852 (D) (D) (D) K (D) 11,830 (D) (D) (D) 1,117 K
Other (D) (D) (D) 845 718 (D) L (D) (D) 882 798 (D) (D) 94.2
Other Western Hemisphere 2,887,389 176,285 159,319 2,489 3,896 6,089 180.9 3,267,143 189,999 191,391 2,456 4,192 5,885 182.2
Barbados 85,476 17,179 2,151 (D) (D) 50 1.4 136,894 19,821 6,192 225 (D) 25 1.0
Bermuda 1,342,894 63,416 80,992 1,069 (D) 2,301 46.1 1,600,083 65,559 93,009 1,141 4 2,363 54.5
Dominican Republic 12,363 5,563 789 (D) 495 (D) L (D) 5,628 775 (D) (D) (D) L
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean1 1,263,987 63,100 62,760 (D) (D) 1,770 34.4 1,325,515 70,013 80,932 (D) 2,431 1,612 30.0
Other 182,669 27,027 12,627 (D) (D) (D) K (D) 28,977 10,482 263 (D) (D) K
Africa 367,644 96,722 9,265 2,021 2,498 9,206 347.4 379,339 102,804 10,612 2,123 2,792 8,867 336.8
Egypt 26,048 12,912 −172 154 1 761 40.5 25,207 12,162 540 (D) 1 651 40.7
Nigeria (D) 11,219 1,569 (D) (D) (D) J (D) 11,926 2,272 (D) (D) (D) 9.7
South Africa 53,877 42,745 (D) (D) (D) 4,472 171.9 53,260 45,154 (D) (D) (D) 4,505 163.5
Other (D) 29,845 (D) (D) (D) (D) M (D) 33,562 (D) (D) (D) (D) 122.8
Middle East 289,382 133,519 22,024 1,336 2,312 14,691 183.1 312,160 147,020 30,070 1,236 2,484 15,775 188.2
Israel 68,729 21,706 2,036 (D) (D) 5,973 81.5 75,396 22,818 2,677 352 (D) 6,758 86.5
Saudi Arabia 50,597 27,987 4,002 146 (D) 3,104 35.6 51,181 31,892 3,710 138 52 2,949 32.4
United Arab Emirates 53,955 32,084 1,943 (D) 41 3,058 38.0 59,250 33,375 3,580 (D) 50 3,325 39.3
Other 116,101 51,741 14,043 39 639 2,557 27.9 126,334 58,935 20,102 (D) (D) 2,743 29.9
Asia and Pacific 4,615,945 1,923,562 161,098 64,686 73,515 176,008 6,200.7 5,007,368 2,132,495 191,560 71,340 84,187 180,225 6,229.6
Australia 844,359 160,718 9,237 6,851 (D) 29,002 354.7 845,768 169,137 14,381 7,216 (D) 29,106 361.0
China 651,201 462,794 34,568 13,051 10,480 35,635 2,109.2 727,103 543,855 35,736 15,958 11,995 37,478 2,112.9
Hong Kong 390,877 139,505 15,108 4,712 8,830 11,889 157.8 445,068 144,736 19,327 4,388 9,920 12,000 146.6
India 170,483 101,037 5,960 1,305 (D) 21,882 1,405.8 194,988 111,310 8,540 (D) (D) 23,690 1,472.1
Indonesia 76,110 27,306 4,150 173 75 2,921 147.8 74,822 29,369 4,995 157 235 2,682 142.8
Japan 1,143,936 263,706 23,060 8,839 (D) 31,054 483.2 1,135,214 266,513 24,473 9,718 (D) 30,960 497.2
Korea, Republic of 178,681 109,186 6,559 3,055 1,962 8,565 149.4 196,249 114,701 6,345 3,740 3,898 8,722 148.0
Malaysia 78,204 46,315 3,403 1,817 (D) 3,371 171.6 83,082 48,710 3,782 1,990 (D) 3,457 175.0
New Zealand 25,546 13,595 1,012 785 (D) 1,779 39.2 27,410 14,414 1,425 1,011 659 1,752 38.8
Philippines 38,448 24,625 2,236 2,374 890 3,350 348.1 40,675 25,899 2,222 2,265 977 3,218 309.1
Singapore 744,463 (D) 43,000 (D) (D) 15,205 M 939,382 (D) 55,119 18,073 (D) 15,356 M
Taiwan (D) (D) 3,988 (D) (D) (D) M (D) (D) 3,995 (D) (D) (D) M
Thailand 78,482 57,134 5,819 (D) 6,065 3,053 172.5 85,168 62,596 6,680 (D) (D) 3,169 173.8
Other (D) 36,804 2,998 525 (D) (D) 167.5 (D) 42,205 4,540 569 809 (D) 167.3
Addenda
European Union (28)2 15,091,464 2,584,568 604,846 (D) 95,752 307,977 4,822.7 16,671,273 2,761,806 756,180 74,552 99,409 318,415 5,053.5
OPEC3 506,160 179,842 23,533 1,971 1,276 15,374 325.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
OPEC4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 471,297 171,022 35,245 1,601 1,263 12,524 176.6
*
Between zero and +/- $500,000, or fewer than 50 employees
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies
  1. The "United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean" includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
  2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  3. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In the time period covered by this table, its members were Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
  4. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In the time period covered by this table, its members were Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

Note. Size ranges are given in employment cells that are suppressed. The size ranges are: A–1 to 499; F–500 to 999; G–1,000 to 2,499; H–2,500 to 4,999; I–5,000 to 9,999; J–10,000 to 24,999; K–25,000 to 49,999; L–50,000 to 99,999; M–100,000 or more.

Table 9.1. Selected Statistics for Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates by Country of Affiliate, 2016

  Millions of dollars Thousands of employees
Total assets Sales Net income Capital expenditures R&D expenditures U.S. exports of goods shipped to MOFAs U.S. imports of goods shipped by MOFAs Value added Compensation of employees
Total Goods supplied Services supplied Other1
All countries 25,249,068 5,800,836 3,879,297 1,682,907 238,632 1,023,223 195,087 54,307 287,619 331,972 1,302,066 600,163 14,265.4
Canada 1,361,338 542,974 402,807 128,486 11,681 27,755 25,147 3,443 80,131 79,905 119,377 60,655 1,201.9
Europe 15,599,951 2,812,490 1,834,795 879,034 98,662 664,860 78,922 32,556 85,962 114,724 667,248 304,741 4,729.5
Austria 40,490 22,053 15,918 5,620 515 2,100 522 548 425 69 5,670 3,571 47.9
Belgium 391,852 137,898 111,202 22,589 4,106 13,155 2,713 1,726 9,800 6,648 25,350 10,779 123.5
Czech Republic 20,426 15,257 12,333 2,695 229 686 542 75 122 270 4,424 2,203 87.4
Denmark 80,727 18,336 13,056 5,073 207 1,198 461 621 283 1,204 5,489 3,834 40.3
Finland 28,212 13,558 10,908 2,533 117 −6,851 239 525 32 240 1,294 1,401 20.4
France 367,724 186,379 133,239 51,043 2,097 8,125 5,475 1,856 4,109 2,610 50,135 32,315 476.1
Germany 821,069 344,608 264,073 75,447 5,088 17,128 8,007 9,133 10,030 8,770 83,497 53,150 711.8
Greece 9,435 5,189 3,782 1,214 192 99 114 29 11 6 2,234 842 15.7
Hungary 62,228 16,871 13,525 3,188 158 4,225 499 105 168 1,062 3,754 1,645 67.3
Ireland 1,436,619 370,052 191,872 167,085 11,096 149,403 9,302 3,065 6,535 28,283 90,910 9,292 123.1
Italy 167,274 108,284 79,130 27,147 2,007 5,307 3,980 772 1,648 4,533 28,442 14,370 223.7
Luxembourg 2,372,452 72,539 26,673 32,380 13,486 100,704 1,592 177 1,954 5,675 4,101 1,881 25.0
Netherlands 2,901,245 264,460 180,872 71,171 12,417 177,259 6,896 1,230 16,220 17,501 56,508 17,617 245.3
Norway 134,391 27,974 21,552 6,208 214 15,087 1,787 312 581 834 11,968 4,241 42.4
Poland 60,848 41,639 31,805 7,206 2,627 2,211 1,649 278 734 467 11,798 4,970 199.3
Portugal 19,451 9,835 5,509 3,658 668 457 156 52 55 123 3,374 1,267 31.0
Russia 66,062 40,330 28,966 10,727 637 −47 1,446 176 568 (D) 10,393 4,192 161.7
Spain 162,744 84,674 64,527 17,658 2,490 6,563 3,323 364 884 673 16,901 10,643 179.5
Sweden 124,916 34,683 22,830 11,316 537 5,066 608 713 288 748 10,014 5,867 71.7
Switzerland 926,017 314,670 229,766 81,816 3,088 68,302 3,864 4,410 16,633 19,309 56,492 12,886 97.9
Turkey 21,135 27,318 22,420 4,477 421 899 (D) 89 169 (D) 9,520 1,974 54.1
United Kingdom 5,098,577 605,920 310,823 259,708 35,389 97,897 18,601 5,902 14,416 14,473 163,139 100,846 1,465.0
Other 286,056 49,965 40,014 9,076 875 −4,113 (D) 399 298 805 11,843 4,956 219.5
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 3,858,938 711,003 456,222 190,982 63,799 176,010 29,614 1,917 55,943 77,095 137,714 64,167 2,805.8
South America 633,706 292,747 203,070 72,812 16,866 1,619 15,419 1,125 11,814 5,997 70,389 36,565 1,108.8
Argentina 67,075 42,992 32,516 9,232 1,244 1,645 2,423 130 1,087 1,102 14,858 5,518 131.2
Brazil 277,255 159,487 109,128 39,902 10,458 −3,004 6,723 793 6,698 3,229 34,477 21,432 632.9
Chile 179,733 32,727 20,180 10,529 2,018 2,567 3,133 35 1,225 404 7,835 3,518 145.8
Colombia 31,557 19,795 13,886 5,192 717 279 763 64 1,190 531 5,181 2,467 87.4
Ecuador 4,878 4,805 3,471 1,092 241 113 67 1 215 (D) 869 464 16.6
Peru 31,778 12,491 10,300 2,017 173 −375 1,270 79 645 372 3,110 1,576 47.9
Venezuela 24,145 12,588 7,628 (D) (D) −209 393 21 221 18 2,513 1,094 32.5
Other 17,284 7,863 5,961 (D) (D) 604 647 2 532 (D) 1,545 495 14.5
Central America 471,754 266,177 206,318 51,988 7,872 21,649 9,622 519 41,682 67,354 52,190 23,829 1,608.0
Costa Rica 39,471 13,514 11,007 2,421 85 1,070 1,351 84 698 2,450 3,142 1,615 90.3
Honduras 2,985 3,447 2,834 566 48 84 145 5 509 (D) 663 443 45.5
Mexico 406,627 232,297 179,581 45,277 7,440 19,370 7,674 412 38,173 63,434 45,385 20,513 1,381.5
Panama 11,820 7,639 6,114 1,385 140 337 169 13 1,458 (D) 862 480 17.4
Other 10,851 9,279 6,781 2,339 159 787 283 6 845 718 2,138 777 73.3
Other Western Hemisphere 2,753,478 152,078 46,835 66,182 39,061 152,742 4,573 272 2,447 3,744 15,136 3,774 89.1
Barbados 83,328 17,066 (D) (D) 6,956 2,085 (D) 3 (D) (D) 947 46 1.2
Bermuda 1,297,147 53,650 17,056 19,475 17,119 78,786 506 53 1,069 (D) −8,909 986 10.8
Dominican Republic 5,198 3,604 2,533 1,060 12 541 285 3 148 495 1,124 257 24.4
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean2 1,197,286 54,164 19,034 21,148 13,983 58,869 1,307 (D) (D) (D) 7,921 1,443 25.2
Other 170,519 23,593 (D) (D) 991 12,461 (D) (D) 444 727 14,053 1,042 27.5
Africa 331,882 77,033 60,940 14,106 1,988 3,649 7,789 114 1,873 2,355 25,839 7,459 255.4
Egypt 23,887 11,932 10,221 1,240 471 −59 1,426 23 154 1 4,067 712 36.9
Nigeria (D) 10,856 (D) 1,139 (D) 1,546 1,487 (D) (D) (D) 6,731 1,211 9.2
South Africa 40,203 29,156 22,028 6,475 653 624 507 58 1,305 (D) 5,690 3,205 113.9
Other (D) 25,089 (D) 5,252 (D) 1,537 4,369 (D) (D) 711 9,351 2,330 95.5
Middle East 196,690 61,135 36,008 23,943 1,184 8,843 3,372 2,668 1,218 2,213 21,404 10,912 136.4
Israel 65,398 19,771 12,449 7,077 245 2,080 624 2,518 336 1,575 8,818 5,331 69.8
Saudi Arabia 24,553 9,506 4,674 4,804 28 999 209 15 113 (D) 2,027 1,997 22.7
United Arab Emirates 45,389 23,704 13,920 9,350 434 2,166 940 132 757 41 7,669 2,542 28.2
Other 61,349 8,153 4,965 2,712 477 3,599 1,599 2 12 (D) 2,891 1,042 15.6
Asia and Pacific 3,900,270 1,596,201 1,088,525 446,357 61,319 142,105 50,245 13,610 62,491 55,681 330,484 152,228 5,136.4
Australia 690,220 140,568 89,093 46,362 5,113 8,816 8,438 869 6,676 1,356 41,423 25,798 310.2
China 411,694 345,938 284,202 59,605 2,131 26,096 10,751 3,280 11,922 10,227 66,367 29,385 1,758.8
Hong Kong 359,657 134,515 62,068 67,935 4,512 14,143 1,014 156 4,707 8,550 17,773 10,901 140.4
India 141,552 83,400 40,390 40,994 2,016 5,312 3,092 3,289 1,252 2,866 29,648 20,029 1,222.3
Indonesia 67,548 23,829 20,049 3,010 770 4,011 3,014 21 173 75 13,493 2,653 114.3
Japan 1,029,070 230,410 115,694 77,882 36,834 19,767 5,848 2,788 8,635 1,796 45,914 25,289 344.2
Korea, Republic of 152,605 70,852 52,308 14,391 4,152 5,161 1,785 915 2,812 1,542 16,086 7,339 121.9
Malaysia 75,891 44,594 36,615 7,348 630 3,366 1,450 528 1,813 4,355 8,646 3,182 164.5
New Zealand 23,575 12,829 8,462 3,985 383 958 476 30 785 500 3,875 1,651 37.5
Philippines 33,676 21,419 15,240 6,059 119 2,073 903 84 2,366 890 6,482 3,146 335.1
Singapore 701,656 371,257 279,518 88,965 2,773 41,453 5,397 1,157 16,921 15,390 44,925 13,645 193.2
Taiwan 71,511 36,611 27,546 8,146 919 2,905 2,152 383 2,688 1,602 7,480 3,239 100.1
Thailand 72,576 50,853 44,877 5,352 624 4,931 1,629 98 1,218 6,061 13,736 2,843 158.2
Other 69,039 29,127 12,461 16,321 345 3,113 4,296 14 525 470 14,638 3,128 135.7
Addenda
European Union (28)3 14,224,271 2,378,678 1,512,463 772,207 94,009 579,628 65,627 27,401 67,810 94,124 573,870 279,941 4,303.6
OPEC4 375,073 98,710 (D) (D) 3,606 12,091 9,152 217 1,769 1,097 39,473 11,448 239.8
  1. “Other” consists largely of investment income that is included in “sales or gross operating revenues” in the income statement. In finance and insurance, investment income is included in sales because it is generated by a primary activity of the company. For insurance, “other” consists of investment income remaining after BEA's estimate of investment income earned on funds insurers hold on behalf of policyholders is removed (and included in ther services supplied measure) plus the portion of premiums set aside for the settlement of expected or “normal” losses. For banks, “other” consists of the investment income remaining after BEA's estimate of the value of implicit services provided by banks is excluded (and included in services supplied). In industries other than finance and insurance, investment income is generally considered to be an incidental revenue source; this income is included in the income statement in a separate “other income” category, but is not included in sales or in this column.
  2. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
  3. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  4. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In the time period covered by this table, its members were Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

Note. The following ranges are given in employment cells that are suppressed: A–1 to 499; F–500 to 999; G–1,000 to 2,499; H–2,500 to 4,999; I–5,000 to 9,999; J–10,000 to 24,999; K–25,000 to 49,999; L–50,000 to 99,999; M–100,000 or more.

Table 9.2. Selected Statistics for Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates by Country of Affiliate, 2017

  Millions of dollars Thousands of employees
Total assets Sales Net income Capital expenditures R&D expenditures U.S. exports of goods shipped to MOFAs U.S. imports of goods shipped by MOFAs Value added Compensation of employees
Total Goods supplied Services supplied Other1
All countries 27,910,398 6,221,395 4,190,476 1,765,533 265,386 1,293,166 199,590 56,598 303,233 357,380 1,418,362 614,731 14,399.9
Canada 1,418,580 587,493 442,729 131,666 13,099 38,503 21,948 3,513 85,133 85,963 131,276 62,721 1,227.1
Europe 17,274,717 2,976,441 1,939,620 923,112 113,709 838,947 83,399 32,877 88,729 116,446 715,037 309,922 4,797.0
Austria 42,246 23,289 16,689 6,189 412 1,819 477 533 261 (D) 6,226 3,666 50.0
Belgium 428,406 161,044 132,530 23,760 4,753 9,439 2,767 1,368 10,532 14,704 27,066 10,823 122.1
Czech Republic 23,267 17,198 14,075 2,896 227 945 663 127 177 272 5,184 2,301 87.3
Denmark 76,344 19,604 14,125 5,246 233 1,310 510 660 307 1,237 5,286 3,927 40.6
Finland 29,133 9,570 6,212 3,215 144 718 334 268 62 222 3,116 1,374 19.3
France 408,383 200,159 142,857 54,840 2,463 7,283 6,580 2,009 4,267 3,023 52,053 34,188 495.5
Germany 860,096 338,985 254,801 78,701 5,483 15,166 8,619 8,177 11,927 9,489 85,514 52,539 702.7
Greece 10,795 5,331 3,921 1,202 208 425 107 40 12 (D) 2,612 830 15.6
Hungary 89,399 16,857 13,216 3,458 183 3,378 576 108 332 821 4,302 1,747 67.6
Ireland 1,785,352 368,999 197,636 159,662 11,701 178,667 10,125 3,350 6,995 20,483 97,478 9,883 130.1
Italy 187,402 114,658 84,331 28,479 1,847 6,696 4,363 849 2,058 4,036 32,005 15,036 233.5
Luxembourg 2,573,703 82,402 30,569 37,518 14,316 121,423 2,785 172 2,029 5,338 8,701 2,097 27.9
Netherlands 3,261,172 289,788 188,665 83,426 17,697 259,194 8,036 1,377 14,791 17,954 69,606 18,846 263.9
Norway 121,302 30,942 24,345 6,386 211 9,093 1,450 287 628 996 13,580 4,169 40.5
Poland 66,247 43,661 35,090 7,715 855 1,993 2,045 371 852 522 11,737 5,165 205.9
Portugal 18,952 10,848 6,116 3,817 914 408 201 55 88 135 3,303 1,291 33.1
Russia 61,574 45,005 33,931 10,387 687 1,273 1,889 201 836 (D) 11,218 3,884 166.2
Spain 181,264 83,592 63,040 17,537 3,016 6,961 2,355 421 997 612 17,408 10,361 174.8
Sweden 124,800 34,803 22,273 11,774 756 4,910 1,002 844 329 785 9,956 5,821 71.5
Switzerland 1,043,686 351,375 258,886 89,080 3,410 69,627 2,862 4,735 14,193 19,207 52,780 13,329 98.0
Turkey 22,215 27,587 22,775 4,396 417 868 (D) 87 176 (D) 9,073 1,900 54.9
United Kingdom 5,573,920 643,519 327,538 273,135 42,847 110,650 18,337 6,415 16,532 15,258 179,738 101,491 1,472.5
Other 285,061 57,226 46,001 10,294 931 26,699 (D) 423 348 873 7,094 5,254 223.4
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 4,319,353 765,939 495,542 200,062 70,335 224,184 30,578 2,234 57,651 85,388 157,857 66,782 2,839.3
South America 720,295 317,853 224,330 75,449 18,073 16,986 14,573 1,269 12,195 7,575 80,913 38,290 1,122.2
Argentina 67,760 45,174 34,197 9,708 1,270 3,889 2,967 130 1,632 1,695 17,203 5,941 136.6
Brazil 301,026 178,112 123,759 41,415 12,938 2,255 6,555 886 6,777 4,038 37,602 22,643 634.7
Chile 236,259 35,991 21,571 12,209 2,212 2,245 2,157 52 1,142 446 8,649 3,568 153.6
Colombia 32,633 20,750 14,701 5,385 663 317 801 73 1,351 567 5,593 2,587 89.8
Ecuador 5,093 4,969 3,596 1,116 257 125 65 4 209 29 895 454 17.4
Peru 30,810 13,565 11,422 1,963 180 1,371 1,099 107 553 (D) 6,040 1,677 46.4
Venezuela 25,470 11,616 9,057 2,252 307 2,565 345 15 123 7 3,250 987 30.9
Other 21,244 7,674 6,027 1,401 246 4,220 583 2 407 (D) 1,680 432 12.9
Central America 505,002 284,075 221,318 54,253 8,504 25,054 12,054 633 43,041 73,786 57,941 24,612 1,629.5
Costa Rica 41,788 14,086 11,556 2,435 96 926 1,393 104 581 2,341 3,249 1,696 94.9
Honduras 3,118 3,644 2,979 614 51 75 167 4 466 705 647 425 47.6
Mexico 436,245 249,381 194,090 47,263 8,028 22,726 10,026 504 39,692 69,608 50,956 21,200 1,395.2
Panama 12,303 7,124 5,583 1,393 148 615 151 14 (D) (D) 995 497 18.1
Other 11,547 9,839 7,110 2,549 180 712 317 7 (D) (D) 2,095 794 73.6
Other Western Hemisphere 3,094,056 164,011 49,893 70,359 43,758 182,144 3,951 332 2,414 4,027 19,003 3,880 87.6
Barbados 134,719 19,720 (D) (D) 8,415 6,191 (D) 1 225 (D) 4,565 22 0.9
Bermuda 1,520,553 53,589 (D) (D) 17,271 90,417 751 77 1,141 4 −12,634 1,243 13.5
Dominican Republic 4,817 3,584 2,478 1,094 13 512 205 2 194 (D) 1,130 256 22.5
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean2 1,254,254 62,008 21,737 23,776 16,496 75,086 947 (D) (D) (D) 11,431 1,376 23.6
Other 179,713 25,109 4,930 18,616 1,563 9,938 (D) (D) (D) 1,102 14,512 982 27.1
Africa 342,638 82,242 65,265 14,748 2,230 6,397 6,889 116 1,948 2,705 27,648 7,294 252.0
Egypt 23,218 11,469 9,866 1,125 478 522 1,296 20 (D) 1 3,668 608 37.0
Nigeria (D) 11,731 (D) 935 (D) 2,268 1,429 (D) (D) (D) 7,805 1,055 9.0
South Africa 42,243 31,607 24,021 6,967 619 1,043 624 62 1,326 (D) 5,849 3,442 112.4
Other (D) 27,436 (D) 5,721 (D) 2,565 3,539 (D) 333 589 10,326 2,189 93.7
Middle East 215,892 65,147 38,407 25,406 1,334 12,458 3,233 2,832 1,096 2,376 24,601 11,898 140.5
Israel 71,955 20,696 12,651 7,779 265 2,717 607 2,621 352 1,742 9,901 6,084 74.2
Saudi Arabia 25,495 9,454 4,791 4,638 25 891 194 15 80 (D) 1,560 1,866 20.6
United Arab Emirates 50,878 25,589 15,030 9,910 650 2,984 901 194 616 50 9,326 2,817 29.9
Other 67,564 9,409 5,935 3,080 394 5,866 1,531 2 48 (D) 3,814 1,130 15.8
Asia and Pacific 4,339,217 1,744,132 1,208,913 470,540 64,679 172,676 53,544 15,026 68,676 64,503 361,942 156,114 5,143.8
Australia 779,063 153,406 96,730 50,813 5,863 15,756 8,786 940 7,033 2,484 48,329 26,249 323.0
China 446,712 375,634 313,929 59,512 2,193 25,920 11,703 3,650 14,764 11,643 71,515 30,276 1,734.6
Hong Kong 414,879 140,316 62,144 73,066 5,105 18,266 1,172 197 4,388 9,606 19,024 11,197 134.3
India 164,917 94,121 44,023 47,475 2,624 7,778 4,490 3,586 1,471 3,322 34,747 21,824 1,292.2
Indonesia 64,955 25,106 21,499 2,860 747 4,814 3,446 29 157 235 14,217 2,399 107.8
Japan 1,022,012 235,272 124,370 77,038 33,863 22,004 4,791 2,875 9,560 1,955 46,574 25,167 357.4
Korea, Republic of 169,613 70,891 51,366 14,742 4,783 5,424 1,911 1,014 3,468 3,633 16,250 7,523 120.4
Malaysia 80,466 46,955 38,639 7,678 638 3,699 1,635 612 1,988 4,268 9,344 3,277 168.2
New Zealand 25,535 13,882 9,583 4,002 298 1,349 519 34 1,011 654 4,156 1,679 38.1
Philippines 36,091 22,388 15,953 6,225 210 2,058 1,016 102 2,262 977 6,452 3,021 296.2
Singapore 896,146 437,309 336,439 94,598 6,272 51,858 6,295 1,421 17,640 16,091 49,775 13,779 186.4
Taiwan 81,538 39,238 30,320 7,870 1,048 3,491 2,684 441 2,891 1,642 8,815 3,464 83.6
Thailand 78,912 56,227 49,854 5,672 701 5,852 1,417 111 1,474 7,183 15,165 2,969 159.8
Other 78,378 33,386 14,063 18,990 333 4,409 3,681 14 569 809 17,580 3,292 141.8
Addenda
European Union (28)3 15,794,909 2,493,397 1,576,106 808,609 108,683 731,127 71,106 27,385 72,734 95,778 628,875 285,075 4,368.3
OPEC4 343,286 81,331 (D) (D) 1,577 16,601 5,444 255 1,357 1,160 32,413 8,837 125.8
  1. “Other” consists largely of investment income that is included in “sales or gross operating revenues” in the income statement. In finance and insurance, investment income is included in sales because it is generated by a primary activity of the company. For insurance, “other” consists of investment income remaining after BEA's estimate of investment income earned on funds insurers hold on behalf of policyholders is removed (and included in ther services supplied measure) plus the portion of premiums set aside for the settlement of expected or “normal” losses. For banks, “other” consists of the investment income remaining after BEA's estimate of the value of implicit services provided by banks is excluded (and included in services supplied). In industries other than finance and insurance, investment income is generally considered to be an incidental revenue source; this income is included in the income statement in a separate “other income” category, but is not included in sales or in this column.
  2. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
  3. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  4. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In the time period covered by this table, its members were Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

Note. The following ranges are given in employment cells that are suppressed: A–1 to 499; F–500 to 999; G–1,000 to 2,499; H–2,500 to 4,999; I–5,000 to 9,999; J–10,000 to 24,999; K–25,000 to 49,999; L–50,000 to 99,999; M–100,000 or more.

Table 10.1 Employment of Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates, Country by Industry of Affiliate, 2016
[Thousands of employees]

  All industries Mining Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Information Finance and insurance Professional, scientific, and technical services Other industries
Total Of which:
Food Chemicals Primary and fabricated metals Machinery Computers and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Transportation equipment
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
All countries 14,265.4 236.1 5,406.4 453.4 671.7 255.0 516.7 840.6 238.8 1,135.4 935.5 1,579.1 633.1 711.1 1,466.2 3,297.9
Canada 1,201.9 23.0 289.9 30.8 29.8 19.2 23.2 25.3 8.5 64.9 101.8 384.4 28.4 38.1 74.5 261.8
Europe 4,729.5 48.0 1,891.4 128.0 299.4 116.6 234.5 188.4 77.4 404.2 390.0 458.3 224.7 239.8 416.8 1,060.5
Austria 47.9 (*) 24.3 1.2 4.9 1.0 3.5 1.8 G 5.8 3.7 2.2 1.5 4.5 4.5 7.2
Belgium 123.5 0.1 59.8 5.2 19.4 3.1 6.5 3.9 0.5 6.4 12.3 2.2 5.1 7.0 8.9 28.1
Czech Republic 87.4 0.0 56.9 1.5 3.1 3.2 6.3 7.1 G 23.3 4.1 1.1 1.7 1.0 8.9 13.7
Denmark 40.3 0.2 21.1 0.8 9.2 1.2 4.4 2.3 0.1 0.1 4.2 1.1 4.4 0.7 3.9 4.7
Finland 20.4 0.0 10.5 (*) 1.3 0.3 2.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 1.6 0.1 2.5 0.2 2.4 3.0
France 476.1 0.3 193.7 11.0 29.9 15.7 33.7 16.3 5.4 19.9 43.4 15.2 11.8 15.0 36.5 160.2
Germany 711.8 3.9 392.0 10.8 67.8 19.0 49.4 56.6 13.4 98.7 52.6 49.4 19.5 13.9 56.1 124.4
Greece 15.7 0.0 5.0 1.6 1.3 0.5 (*) 0.1 (*) 0.0 2.7 0.2 0.6 1.9 1.1 4.2
Hungary 67.3 0.1 42.6 1.2 G 2.3 2.7 7.2 I 15.4 3.0 0.8 2.2 1.9 8.0 8.8
Ireland 123.1 H 50.0 0.8 12.4 0.6 0.9 12.1 0.2 0.5 6.0 4.8 15.7 17.8 10.7 J
Italy 223.7 0.6 103.6 3.1 19.8 6.3 22.4 6.0 9.0 15.0 17.6 13.0 12.2 5.8 15.5 55.3
Luxembourg 25.0 0.4 14.6 0.0 I 0.6 0.1 (*) 0.1 (*) 0.1 0.8 1.1 3.5 0.5 3.9
Netherlands 245.3 4.2 92.4 9.5 25.0 4.6 11.3 12.4 2.0 8.9 25.8 8.3 16.1 4.3 19.3 74.9
Norway 42.4 8.2 13.8 0.6 1.5 G 5.0 0.9 0.8 0.0 2.5 2.2 1.5 1.1 2.7 10.5
Poland 199.3 0.1 131.2 21.3 9.4 7.7 6.4 6.3 8.4 50.3 10.8 1.8 4.7 8.3 15.6 26.8
Portugal 31.0 0.0 12.5 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.5 4.3 1.9 1.5 0.8 2.2 1.4 10.7
Russia 161.7 H 58.1 10.6 4.5 3.6 5.0 2.2 G H 19.2 0.3 9.6 5.1 10.4 L
Spain 179.5 0.1 81.5 5.0 14.3 6.0 6.6 2.1 6.6 26.3 21.4 7.0 4.3 6.7 13.2 45.4
Sweden 71.7 (*) 29.8 0.5 4.3 2.3 4.7 2.5 0.5 5.3 6.7 1.6 3.3 3.2 6.6 20.4
Switzerland 97.9 F 41.4 1.7 9.2 0.7 7.2 4.4 1.5 0.8 21.5 1.6 5.8 3.1 9.5 J
Turkey 54.1 (*) 31.1 3.4 7.1 F 1.8 A A 10.5 8.4 0.6 0.9 1.7 2.4 9.2
United Kingdom 1,465.0 14.2 309.1 26.6 42.0 18.8 48.2 39.6 8.2 58.9 111.4 341.0 89.2 124.0 146.0 330.0
Other 219.5 I 116.4 10.6 4.9 16.1 4.5 G I L 9.2 1.3 10.3 7.0 32.6 K
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 2,805.8 78.4 1,311.4 156.8 123.8 43.7 83.8 97.2 70.2 420.2 110.9 430.3 83.3 157.3 102.8 531.5
South America 1,108.8 57.7 432.1 76.5 77.5 14.4 K 14.5 22.9 86.9 51.4 M 55.3 82.9 58.9 M
Argentina 131.2 7.2 53.5 13.3 12.8 0.7 3.0 0.4 0.3 11.0 8.9 J 9.3 10.3 9.0 J
Brazil 632.9 13.4 303.2 45.0 45.3 11.8 27.9 11.8 21.4 67.9 24.9 L 29.8 48.5 35.3 M
Chile 145.8 6.2 15.3 H 5.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 (*) 4.4 K 5.7 12.0 4.9 L
Colombia 87.4 13.1 23.0 4.6 4.1 1.2 0.8 1.6 0.8 2.5 4.6 2.0 4.8 7.8 5.6 26.4
Ecuador 16.6 1.1 5.9 F 0.8 0.0 (*) 0.1 (*) F 4.0 0.5 0.3 1.6 0.9 2.3
Peru 47.9 13.3 7.5 2.4 1.9 (*) 0.4 (*) (*) 0.0 1.7 (*) 0.8 0.7 2.0 22.1
Venezuela 32.5 1.4 16.7 5.6 6.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 (*) H 2.3 0.6 H 1.6 0.9 I
Other 14.5 2.2 6.9 1.9 0.2 (*) A (*) (*) G 0.6 0.9 G 0.5 0.4 G
Central America 1,608.0 15.6 840.8 78.5 42.0 29.1 40.4 82.0 47.1 333.4 54.5 300.2 24.6 69.8 40.9 261.6
Costa Rica 90.3 0.0 32.0 I 7.0 0.2 0.1 H G I J J 0.5 F 10.6 21.0
Honduras 45.5 0.0 28.5 H 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 (*) I 1.0 H 0.1 H 0.1 9.9
Mexico 1,381.5 15.0 742.6 59.8 32.4 27.2 40.3 75.1 45.5 320.9 39.1 264.9 23.4 59.4 30.0 207.0
Panama 17.4 0.5 2.6 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.1 (*) 0.0 0.0 0.8 G 0.3 1.0 0.2 J
Other 73.3 0.0 34.9 9.8 1.7 1.5 (*) H A (*) F J 0.3 6.0 0.1 J
Other Western Hemisphere 89.1 5.2 38.6 1.7 4.4 0.3 J 0.6 0.2 (*) 5.0 H 3.4 4.5 2.9 K
Barbados 1.2 (*) 0.4 (*) 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 (*) 0.1 0.1
Bermuda 10.8 0.6 H 0.0 (*) 0.0 H 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 G 1.6 0.1 1.7
Dominican Republic 24.4 0.0 20.9 G G 0.1 (*) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.3
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean1 25.2 2.3 10.1 0.0 2.7 0.0 I 0.4 (*) (*) H (*) (*) 1.1 1.9 I
Other 27.5 2.3 G A F 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 F G G 1.5 0.7 J
Africa 255.4 20.6 113.5 15.4 8.0 2.5 5.9 2.7 1.9 26.2 17.7 K 4.2 13.2 9.6 K
Egypt 36.9 1.5 18.6 8.7 1.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 7.7 0.0 0.5 0.7 1.4 6.5
Nigeria 9.2 5.6 2.2 0.0 0.3 (*) 0.6 (*) 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.4 (*) 0.1
South Africa 113.9 0.4 35.7 3.5 5.0 0.6 4.7 1.9 G J 7.6 K 3.1 7.1 6.8 J
Other 95.5 13.0 56.9 3.1 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.7 F J 1.8 0.5 0.3 5.0 1.4 16.6
Middle East 136.4 14.3 42.4 4.0 3.8 1.1 9.0 14.1 0.6 0.3 6.3 0.7 9.7 5.2 32.4 25.6
Israel 69.8 0.2 26.7 0.3 2.4 0.4 5.4 12.4 0.5 0.3 3.4 0.2 5.8 1.4 15.8 16.3
Saudi Arabia 22.7 6.8 5.1 H 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.2 6.4 3.0
United Arab Emirates 28.2 2.7 6.6 0.1 0.7 0.4 2.7 1.5 0.1 0.0 1.9 0.2 3.0 2.0 6.3 5.5
Other 15.6 4.6 4.0 F 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 1.5 3.9 0.8
Asia and Pacific 5,136.4 51.9 1,757.9 118.3 206.8 71.9 160.3 513.0 80.2 219.6 308.8 M 282.8 257.6 830.2 M
Australia 310.2 16.3 79.3 12.4 12.4 6.4 8.3 6.9 1.6 8.4 33.0 18.2 20.5 15.7 43.7 83.6
China 1,758.8 2.5 746.3 48.3 81.1 43.1 84.6 193.5 56.0 105.6 99.0 149.9 21.8 14.4 81.3 643.6
Hong Kong 140.4 (*) 39.4 0.2 4.2 1.5 4.4 5.7 2.4 (*) 16.7 5.4 4.6 22.3 16.5 35.5
India 1,222.3 1.1 210.2 11.3 39.0 6.2 28.4 35.5 9.4 44.4 51.3 J 139.3 89.5 565.1 M
Indonesia 114.3 21.9 63.3 10.4 6.2 0.1 3.1 2.7 F 0.7 3.3 0.4 1.9 5.2 1.2 17.1
Japan 344.2 0.0 78.6 1.0 24.5 1.1 6.3 22.2 0.9 7.4 39.1 51.6 10.9 42.9 37.6 83.6
Korea, Republic of 121.9 0.2 60.9 0.9 5.7 1.0 5.3 14.4 0.7 23.0 9.4 7.9 2.5 9.4 7.2 24.4
Malaysia 164.5 2.2 122.8 2.8 4.8 1.6 3.9 91.4 H 2.1 6.1 1.3 1.3 5.9 8.2 16.6
New Zealand 37.5 0.1 7.9 2.2 1.0 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 3.4 3.1 1.8 2.6 4.4 14.1
Philippines 335.1 (*) 69.5 1.7 1.9 H 0.1 36.9 G H 3.3 1.8 60.5 I 36.1 M
Singapore 193.2 2.6 77.8 1.7 8.4 1.4 8.3 31.7 2.2 5.0 20.6 1.6 9.3 24.3 13.6 43.3
Taiwan 100.1 0.0 39.0 0.7 4.3 2.1 2.7 18.8 0.2 3.7 10.1 5.8 3.1 8.2 5.5 28.4
Thailand 158.2 3.0 103.4 16.9 9.2 1.4 3.8 41.7 0.4 12.9 9.3 3.4 1.1 6.1 3.6 28.3
Other 135.7 1.8 59.6 7.7 4.1 G 0.1 10.6 (*) G 4.3 0.8 4.1 I 6.0 L
Addenda
European Union (28)2 4,303.6 28.8 1,727.6 107.9 275.4 108.4 214.8 180.1 73.3 387.8 335.1 453.0 205.7 224.2 373.4 955.8
OPEC3 239.8 49.1 101.4 20.2 15.3 1.7 7.5 4.7 F 4.4 12.9 1.8 9.2 11.3 19.1 35.0
*
Fewer than 50 employees
  1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
  2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  3. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In the time period covered by this table, its members were Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

Note. Size ranges are given in employment cells that are suppressed. The size ranges are: A–1 to 499; F–500 to 999; G–1,000 to 2,499; H–2,500 to 4,999; I–5,000 to 9,999; J–10,000 to 24,999; K–25,000 to 49,999; L–50,000 to 99,999; M–100,000 or more.

Table 10.2 Employment of Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates, Country by Industry of Affiliate, 2017
[Thousands of employees]

  All industries Mining Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Information Finance and insurance Professional, scientific, and technical services Other industries
Total Of which:
Food Chemicals Primary and fabricated metals Machinery Computers and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Transportation equipment
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
All countries 14,399.9 242.5 5,440.6 461.0 660.6 261.7 522.0 873.8 233.2 1,112.0 983.3 1,629.1 613.0 732.4 1,492.9 3,266.1
Canada 1,227.1 22.6 298.2 31.5 30.9 18.2 22.0 24.8 8.6 66.5 104.0 399.0 28.9 37.7 79.2 257.5
Europe 4,797.0 53.4 1,898.6 139.9 295.4 122.0 231.6 204.2 70.8 381.9 395.1 442.2 234.2 240.0 426.2 1,107.3
Austria 50.0 (*) 24.9 1.2 5.6 1.0 3.1 1.8 G 5.7 3.7 3.6 1.9 4.1 4.3 7.5
Belgium 122.1 0.6 57.5 5.3 19.5 1.7 6.0 3.1 0.5 6.2 11.2 2.5 5.1 6.5 8.7 30.0
Czech Republic 87.3 0.0 56.8 1.6 3.0 3.7 7.3 8.2 G 20.4 4.1 1.1 1.7 0.8 9.3 13.6
Denmark 40.6 0.2 22.9 8.8 2.3 1.2 5.3 2.2 0.1 0.1 4.0 1.1 4.4 0.6 3.2 4.4
Finland 19.3 0.0 10.7 (*) 1.2 0.3 2.6 1.1 0.1 (*) 1.5 0.2 1.3 0.2 2.3 3.0
France 495.5 0.3 195.0 10.8 29.4 16.0 34.1 17.0 4.8 20.6 43.0 14.5 12.8 14.2 37.2 178.5
Germany 702.7 3.9 375.5 10.3 68.8 22.4 51.2 53.1 11.6 82.3 56.4 48.3 20.4 14.3 54.3 129.6
Greece 15.6 0.0 5.1 1.6 1.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 (*) 0.0 2.6 0.2 0.6 1.6 1.1 4.2
Hungary 67.6 0.1 42.5 1.4 1.1 2.4 2.7 7.2 H 17.5 2.8 0.8 2.2 2.3 7.6 9.4
Ireland 130.1 H 50.8 0.8 13.3 0.7 1.0 12.0 0.2 0.5 6.9 5.0 17.1 18.0 13.1 J
Italy 233.5 0.6 108.4 3.2 21.2 6.4 21.9 6.9 8.9 16.1 18.1 12.7 14.2 5.7 16.9 56.9
Luxembourg 27.9 G 16.4 0.0 6.8 0.3 0.5 (*) 0.1 (*) 0.1 0.8 1.2 3.6 0.5 H
Netherlands 263.9 6.7 102.1 10.7 24.8 2.9 11.3 22.0 2.1 9.5 25.9 7.2 16.5 5.4 20.2 79.7
Norway 40.5 7.9 12.1 0.6 1.2 G 4.4 0.9 0.8 A 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.1 2.8 11.0
Poland 205.9 0.1 136.4 21.9 8.9 8.0 5.8 7.1 9.1 52.3 11.6 1.8 4.8 9.4 15.6 26.2
Portugal 33.1 0.0 14.6 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.5 5.7 2.1 0.9 0.9 2.1 1.4 11.1
Russia 166.2 4.4 61.8 10.6 4.4 4.3 5.0 2.4 G 3.4 20.5 0.3 3.8 4.8 11.3 59.3
Spain 174.8 0.1 75.4 3.7 14.3 5.4 6.7 2.1 4.1 21.8 19.8 6.8 6.1 7.7 13.0 45.9
Sweden 71.5 (*) 29.5 0.6 4.3 2.8 4.5 2.4 0.5 5.2 5.7 1.3 4.9 3.2 6.1 20.8
Switzerland 98.0 0.8 43.2 1.7 8.7 0.8 6.7 8.1 1.3 0.9 19.1 1.7 6.2 3.2 9.4 14.3
Turkey 54.9 (*) 32.4 3.7 6.9 F 2.7 0.8 0.1 10.6 8.0 0.6 1.2 1.4 2.4 9.0
United Kingdom 1,472.5 16.3 307.9 29.6 41.9 22.4 43.5 41.7 8.1 51.0 115.6 327.8 94.9 120.7 152.0 337.2
Other 223.4 6.0 117.0 10.9 4.9 16.4 4.1 2.5 I L 10.2 1.3 10.3 9.0 33.2 36.5
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 2,839.3 79.9 1,309.4 152.7 117.6 46.9 86.5 97.8 72.4 419.3 108.5 451.3 84.9 166.5 104.8 534.0
South America 1,122.2 59.8 428.2 74.3 74.7 14.4 K 14.6 23.1 90.2 49.2 M 55.2 91.6 57.2 M
Argentina 136.6 7.5 51.6 12.3 12.8 0.7 2.6 0.4 0.4 10.6 9.0 J 10.4 9.1 8.6 K
Brazil 634.7 14.7 301.5 44.5 42.9 11.8 28.4 11.6 20.9 71.8 23.6 L 28.6 58.6 34.1 M
Chile 153.6 5.8 15.6 3.3 5.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.3 (*) 4.2 L 5.4 11.7 5.0 K
Colombia 89.8 15.1 23.8 4.6 4.2 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.5 G 4.4 2.0 5.1 7.4 5.4 26.7
Ecuador 17.4 1.0 6.9 F 0.8 0.0 (*) 0.1 (*) 0.7 3.8 0.5 0.3 1.6 0.9 2.3
Peru 46.4 12.2 7.5 2.3 1.9 (*) 0.5 (*) (*) 0.0 1.5 (*) 0.8 1.5 2.0 21.0
Venezuela 30.9 1.3 15.6 5.1 6.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 (*) H 2.1 0.5 H 1.3 0.8 I
Other 12.9 2.1 5.6 G 0.2 (*) A (*) (*) G 0.6 0.9 G 0.4 0.4 G
Central America 1,629.5 15.2 844.9 76.7 39.4 32.2 42.9 82.5 49.1 329.1 54.7 309.4 24.8 69.7 44.9 265.9
Costa Rica 94.9 0.0 32.2 H 4.6 0.2 0.1 H G I J J 0.5 G 9.9 19.7
Honduras 47.6 0.0 24.0 H 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 (*) H I H 0.1 H 0.1 9.6
Mexico 1,395.2 14.6 750.6 58.1 32.3 30.4 42.8 75.7 47.4 320.6 33.1 268.1 23.6 58.5 34.7 212.0
Panama 18.1 0.5 2.6 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 (*) 0.0 0.0 0.7 G 0.3 1.0 0.2 J
Other 73.6 0.0 35.5 10.0 1.7 1.5 (*) H A (*) 0.5 J 0.3 6.0 0.1 J
Other Western Hemisphere 87.6 5.0 36.2 1.7 3.5 0.3 J 0.6 0.2 (*) 4.6 H 4.9 5.2 2.7 K
Barbados 0.9 (*) 0.4 (*) 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 (*) 0.3 (*) (*) 0.1 0.1
Bermuda 13.5 0.6 H 0.0 (*) 0.0 H 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 H 2.4 0.1 2.1
Dominican Republic 22.5 0.0 19.0 G 0.2 0.1 (*) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.7 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.3
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean1 23.6 2.2 9.9 0.0 2.7 0.0 H 0.4 (*) (*) H (*) (*) 1.2 1.6 I
Other 27.1 2.1 G A 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 F G G 1.4 0.8 J
Africa 252.0 20.2 111.7 15.2 8.0 1.5 5.8 2.5 2.0 25.8 18.2 K 4.1 12.7 9.4 K
Egypt 37.0 1.5 18.2 8.7 1.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.0 0.5 0.6 1.4 6.5
Nigeria 9.0 5.5 2.2 0.0 0.3 (*) 0.6 (*) 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.4 (*) 0.1
South Africa 112.4 0.6 34.8 3.5 5.0 0.5 4.6 1.8 G J 7.6 K 3.1 6.7 6.5 J
Other 93.7 12.7 56.5 3.0 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.7 F J 1.8 0.5 0.3 4.9 1.4 15.6
Middle East 140.5 14.9 43.6 3.5 4.3 2.6 9.0 14.9 0.4 0.3 6.6 0.9 10.9 5.2 33.3 25.1
Israel 74.2 0.2 28.4 0.2 2.6 1.2 5.7 13.5 0.3 0.3 3.4 0.5 6.4 1.5 17.4 16.5
Saudi Arabia 20.6 7.0 5.2 H 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 5.3 1.6
United Arab Emirates 29.9 2.4 6.7 0.1 1.1 0.6 2.5 1.2 0.1 0.0 2.3 0.2 3.6 2.1 6.2 6.3
Other 15.8 5.3 3.2 F 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 1.4 4.4 0.7
Asia and Pacific 5,143.8 51.4 1,779.2 118.0 204.3 70.4 167.0 529.6 79.0 218.2 350.9 M 249.9 270.3 840.1 M
Australia 323.0 16.5 82.7 11.8 12.5 6.6 7.8 7.6 2.4 8.3 32.9 19.0 21.2 15.7 44.8 90.2
China 1,734.6 2.3 763.5 47.6 78.4 39.4 88.9 201.8 54.9 111.4 102.2 172.0 22.1 15.6 78.7 578.2
Hong Kong 134.3 (*) 38.7 0.2 4.3 1.6 3.7 5.7 2.4 (*) 16.1 5.4 4.7 22.9 16.7 29.9
India 1,292.2 1.2 211.4 11.6 41.3 8.0 28.6 36.0 8.3 42.4 86.1 J 140.3 97.7 580.3 M
Indonesia 107.8 21.7 56.8 10.0 4.5 0.1 3.5 2.7 F 0.7 3.1 0.4 1.9 5.0 1.2 17.7
Japan 357.4 0.0 82.5 0.9 25.1 0.9 10.1 21.7 1.5 7.6 37.4 58.1 11.2 42.1 36.9 89.1
Korea, Republic of 120.4 0.2 59.0 0.9 5.7 1.0 5.4 13.5 0.7 22.1 10.0 8.3 2.5 9.3 7.0 24.3
Malaysia 168.2 2.0 126.5 2.4 4.8 1.6 3.6 96.0 H 2.3 6.2 1.3 1.7 5.9 7.7 16.9
New Zealand 38.1 0.1 8.9 2.1 1.2 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.1 (*) 3.4 3.2 1.9 2.6 4.1 13.8
Philippines 296.2 (*) 65.7 1.7 2.0 H 0.1 36.3 G G 9.7 1.8 24.6 7.6 35.0 151.7
Singapore 186.4 2.6 73.5 1.8 7.5 1.4 7.9 29.9 1.8 4.0 21.1 1.7 9.4 24.6 13.5 40.2
Taiwan 83.6 0.0 42.3 0.7 3.9 1.7 2.4 23.9 0.2 3.6 10.4 6.1 3.4 8.3 5.5 7.6
Thailand 159.8 2.9 104.7 16.9 9.2 1.8 3.9 42.4 0.5 12.9 8.0 3.3 1.1 6.8 3.4 29.6
Other 141.8 1.9 63.1 9.4 3.9 G 0.1 11.3 (*) G 4.4 0.8 3.9 6.3 5.2 56.3
Addenda
European Union (28)2 4,368.3 34.8 1,730.0 119.5 272.6 113.1 212.2 191.8 66.8 365.2 341.9 437.3 220.0 225.1 381.6 997.8
OPEC3 125.8 29.0 37.6 9.0 9.3 1.4 4.3 1.7 0.1 H 9.5 1.4 8.0 5.8 17.0 17.4
*
Fewer than 50 employees
  1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
  2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  3. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In the time period covered by this table, its members were Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

Note. Size ranges are given in employment cells that are suppressed. The size ranges are: A–1 to 499; F–500 to 999; G–1,000 to 2,499; H–2,500 to 4,999; I–5,000 to 9,999; J–10,000 to 24,999; K–25,000 to 49,999; L–50,000 to 99,999; M–100,000 or more.

Table 11.1 Value Added of Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates, Country by Industry of Affiliate, 2016
[Millions of dollars]

  All industries Mining Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Information Finance and insurance Professional, scientific, and technical services Other industries
Total Of which:
Food Chemicals Primary and fabricated metals Machinery Computers and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Transportation equipment
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
All countries 1,302,066 80,247 551,349 31,131 123,671 19,899 56,664 83,223 12,965 56,039 157,594 78,758 83,983 88,572 130,302 131,262
Canada 119,377 5,151 45,589 2,734 6,642 1,931 2,307 3,505 1,350 8,087 13,359 17,724 4,505 3,860 8,599 20,589
Europe 667,248 19,952 296,157 14,108 72,041 10,478 37,250 39,390 6,476 27,725 86,190 40,325 56,434 40,937 60,009 67,244
Austria 5,670 4 3,022 213 637 109 542 111 159 820 865 170 267 269 626 445
Belgium 25,350 (*) 13,373 741 7,068 278 699 402 1 665 5,231 167 1,538 2,028 1,462 1,551
Czech Republic 4,424 0 3,365 86 214 165 384 222 (D) 646 286 42 121 24 510 75
Denmark 5,489 231 3,061 124 1,492 168 528 269 13 7 796 65 416 67 797 56
Finland 1,294 0 668 (D) 210 (D) 245 −242 9 0 803 (D) (D) 105 343 232
France 50,135 54 25,643 1,697 5,817 1,230 3,209 1,835 417 1,867 6,816 1,583 1,806 1,749 4,788 7,697
Germany 83,497 693 42,571 1,818 8,379 2,246 5,043 5,586 1,651 9,739 12,162 8,156 4,335 2,216 8,066 5,300
Greece 2,234 0 1,560 75 190 (D) 6 (D) 1 (*) 281 22 (D) 81 74 (D)
Hungary 3,754 (D) 2,464 (D) 76 (D) 388 253 171 644 293 (D) 356 76 334 108
Ireland 90,910 (D) 41,050 163 14,027 68 113 19,565 (D) 67 5,089 234 17,520 1,692 7,987 (D)
Italy 28,442 128 11,172 558 2,818 719 2,478 385 770 989 3,276 (D) 1,474 466 2,219 (D)
Luxembourg 4,101 188 4,207 (*) 2,292 23 19 345 (D) 138 545 140 1,361 −1,851 322 −811
Netherlands 56,508 430 29,451 1,746 7,258 549 (D) 1,885 349 740 4,867 2,061 7,232 2,850 3,119 6,498
Norway 11,968 5,477 3,412 54 309 (D) 637 (D) 94 0 1,241 149 549 85 418 636
Poland 11,798 26 5,715 756 533 369 288 179 316 2,066 3,618 74 339 717 728 581
Portugal 3,374 0 801 61 158 58 (D) (D) 28 205 1,806 36 80 45 246 359
Russia 10,393 (D) 5,388 303 624 213 425 113 31 (D) 1,198 1 1,069 413 473 (D)
Spain 16,901 15 9,641 511 2,823 746 668 227 555 2,410 2,320 274 494 350 1,608 2,199
Sweden 10,014 4 4,503 81 1,391 234 548 430 73 514 1,278 60 1,072 949 1,273 874
Switzerland 56,492 181 18,224 195 9,186 101 2,059 1,560 307 133 18,259 2,686 2,362 1,247 3,218 10,316
Turkey 9,520 (D) 8,269 296 715 (D) 58 (D) (D) (D) 802 17 74 134 246 (D)
United Kingdom 163,139 3,369 53,432 4,214 5,365 1,496 5,686 5,631 882 5,701 11,997 16,870 14,384 26,924 19,846 16,318
Other 11,843 (D) 5,165 331 461 1,089 163 129 (D) 902 2,363 7 450 301 1,308 (D)
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 137,714 15,189 62,055 7,558 11,886 2,844 4,828 3,027 1,666 10,667 8,374 9,523 6,284 15,203 17,159 3,928
South America 70,389 11,228 31,968 4,092 8,833 1,711 2,237 704 808 2,503 4,037 2,446 4,053 4,521 4,335 7,802
Argentina 14,858 4,365 6,754 627 1,577 41 287 29 23 677 610 (D) 766 1,084 341 (D)
Brazil 34,477 1,252 19,123 2,288 4,811 1,641 1,849 483 705 1,696 1,905 688 1,799 2,986 2,908 3,816
Chile 7,835 (D) 1,414 166 522 42 −15 98 25 (D) 291 (D) 582 −331 368 2,325
Colombia 5,181 1,186 1,436 227 437 26 (D) 79 51 123 841 233 250 363 416 458
Ecuador 869 84 462 (D) 92 0 3 (D) (*) (D) 209 19 (D) 77 −50 (D)
Peru 3,110 1,642 622 142 149 1 46 1 2 (*) 121 (*) 18 46 190 471
Venezuela 2,513 286 1,682 408 1,206 (D) 30 2 (D) (D) −17 −22 (D) −10 127 (D)
Other 1,545 (D) 475 (D) 40 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 77 28 151 305 34 (D)
Central America 52,190 2,454 28,349 3,335 3,673 (D) (D) 2,059 856 8,172 2,933 6,884 849 3,236 (D) (D)
Costa Rica 3,142 0 1,621 (D) 369 3 4 201 (D) (D) 423 (D) 19 (D) 298 238
Honduras 663 0 344 (D) 3 0 0 (D) (*) (D) 33 80 3 16 2 185
Mexico 45,385 2,410 25,361 2,858 3,150 1,012 1,729 1,832 796 8,040 2,269 5,592 788 2,921 1,939 4,105
Panama 862 44 330 15 51 4 3 1 (*) 0 125 70 18 13 17 244
Other 2,138 0 693 234 99 (D) (D) (D) (D) 0 84 (D) 20 (D) (D) (D)
Other Western Hemisphere 15,136 1,508 1,738 131 −620 (D) (D) 264 2 −7 1,404 193 1,383 7,446 (D) (D)
Barbados 947 3 8 (D) −5 0 (D) (D) (*) 0 (D) (D) 2 97 3 (D)
Bermuda −8,909 328 −3,136 0 (D) 1 (D) (D) 0 (D) 120 0 1,333 2,207 94 −9,855
Dominican Republic 1,124 0 620 (D) (D) 1 (*) 1 2 0 114 48 6 (D) 27 (D)
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean1 7,921 265 3,853 0 (D) 2 (D) 218 −3 (D) 198 (D) 11 3,733 283 (D)
Other 14,053 911 393 (D) 57 (D) 3 10 3 0 (D) (D) 32 (D) (D) 955
Africa 25,839 14,496 5,194 610 567 78 521 138 3 (D) 1,244 (D) 217 1,469 592 (D)
Egypt 4,067 (D) 2,140 224 86 14 (D) (*) 0 (*) 462 (*) (D) 182 91 85
Nigeria 6,731 (D) 43 2 7 1 (D) (*) 0 0 151 0 66 (D) −1 (D)
South Africa 5,690 62 1,774 181 437 33 284 83 −14 477 491 (D) 203 348 463 (D)
Other 9,351 7,054 1,238 203 37 31 72 55 17 (D) 139 (D) (D) (D) 39 172
Middle East 21,404 7,093 6,419 394 872 136 1,350 2,257 49 (D) 1,823 (D) 1,204 797 3,986 (D)
Israel 8,818 (D) 4,077 51 347 (D) 1,003 2,072 38 (D) 770 (D) 578 208 2,184 (D)
Saudi Arabia 2,027 611 677 (D) 349 47 (D) (D) 0 0 29 (D) 37 52 702 (D)
United Arab Emirates 7,669 3,376 959 9 167 (D) 347 160 11 0 962 19 540 398 895 521
Other 2,891 (D) 707 (D) 10 (D) (D) (D) (*) 0 61 0 49 139 205 (D)
Asia and Pacific 330,484 18,365 135,935 5,727 31,664 4,431 10,409 34,906 3,421 8,882 46,604 9,126 15,340 26,306 39,957 38,850
Australia 41,423 4,435 14,441 1,845 2,003 1,855 873 1,418 344 1,001 6,346 567 2,857 1,515 5,525 5,738
China 66,367 853 37,872 1,282 9,494 1,456 4,622 7,760 1,678 5,302 10,152 3,564 1,547 1,127 4,727 6,525
Hong Kong 17,773 5 3,877 44 630 193 264 1,045 134 7 4,589 503 842 4,830 2,310 816
India 29,648 42 6,382 361 2,032 176 1,041 920 316 392 2,026 11 3,402 2,570 13,556 1,659
Indonesia 13,493 5,746 6,189 239 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 346 (D) 71 619 109 (D)
Japan 45,914 0 15,034 127 5,777 128 951 3,560 154 941 8,453 2,135 2,247 5,357 7,762 4,925
Korea, Republic of 16,086 (D) 10,023 176 1,302 111 692 2,023 122 1,527 1,556 996 380 1,214 842 (D)
Malaysia 8,646 1,739 5,127 198 333 65 334 3,513 (D) 121 498 112 106 539 543 −19
New Zealand 3,875 7 1,078 269 152 (D) 114 102 12 (*) 1,087 35 232 314 364 758
Philippines 6,482 (D) 2,524 251 198 (D) 8 1,513 (D) (D) 361 319 570 190 581 (D)
Singapore 44,925 306 19,230 102 7,646 27 1,057 8,261 395 −1,077 8,523 (D) 2,409 6,852 2,796 (D)
Taiwan 7,480 0 4,166 74 763 155 160 1,959 19 208 971 301 508 719 416 398
Thailand 13,736 (D) 8,146 416 894 75 203 2,532 (D) 308 1,234 82 59 412 277 (D)
Other 14,638 (D) 1,847 344 (D) (D) (D) (D) (*) (D) 461 (D) 109 48 150 10,139
Addenda
European Union (28)2 573,870 5,445 259,111 13,118 61,159 9,513 34,057 37,260 6,028 28,080 64,201 37,482 52,322 38,734 55,096 61,480
OPEC3 39,473 21,875 10,425 908 2,022 115 620 248 33 −44 1,711 51 1,237 1,370 1,954 851
*
Between zero and +/- $500,000, or fewer than 50 employees
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies
  1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
  2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  3. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In the time period covered by this table, its members were Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

Table 11.2 Value Added of Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates, Country by Industry of Affiliate, 2017
[Millions of dollars]

  All industries Mining Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Information Finance and insurance Professional, scientific, and technical services Other industries
Total Of which:
Food Chemicals Primary and fabricated metals Machinery Computers and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Transportation equipment
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
All countries 1,418,362 104,421 600,694 41,892 127,480 21,751 58,594 100,056 13,148 62,358 160,338 82,124 89,064 100,951 146,708 134,061
Canada 131,276 9,317 52,538 4,304 7,028 2,160 2,002 3,818 1,428 9,313 13,043 19,239 4,239 4,372 8,274 20,254
Europe 715,037 26,385 313,793 22,742 73,875 11,337 37,226 43,870 6,340 29,557 88,034 41,437 58,431 52,092 71,599 63,265
Austria 6,226 5 3,326 189 655 114 490 255 (D) 853 831 260 194 294 637 680
Belgium 27,066 30 13,218 768 6,288 228 984 408 60 704 5,887 182 1,668 2,680 1,649 1,752
Czech Republic 5,184 0 4,001 92 228 160 478 401 (D) 876 300 42 137 39 568 97
Denmark 5,286 250 3,298 (D) 488 −47 715 263 13 (D) 778 74 461 60 593 −230
Finland 3,116 0 1,192 (D) 217 (D) 231 247 9 2 917 (D) 350 2 288 (D)
France 52,053 72 25,265 1,818 5,773 1,302 1,816 1,749 438 1,980 7,104 1,677 1,904 1,988 5,042 9,002
Germany 85,514 933 41,963 2,038 8,367 2,584 5,224 4,885 1,644 8,107 11,834 8,574 4,193 2,710 8,082 7,226
Greece 2,612 0 1,954 112 216 (D) 8 (D) 1 (*) 272 24 85 75 83 121
Hungary 4,302 (D) 2,886 116 83 (D) (D) 365 (D) 751 271 (D) 385 63 343 238
Ireland 97,478 (D) 43,703 163 16,594 83 122 21,687 (D) 82 4,120 213 17,189 554 14,088 (D)
Italy 32,005 131 13,160 509 3,249 725 2,990 1,005 764 1,431 3,003 (D) 1,561 623 2,322 (D)
Luxembourg 8,701 276 5,894 (*) 2,092 16 (D) (D) (D) (D) 1,416 110 1,673 993 51 −1,712
Netherlands 69,606 497 31,891 1,823 7,823 399 (D) 1,847 371 1,579 6,800 2,538 7,120 7,451 6,467 6,841
Norway 13,580 7,140 4,059 100 289 (D) 1,077 (D) 89 (D) 1,203 130 97 49 373 529
Poland 11,737 30 6,052 830 523 368 334 200 264 2,188 3,556 80 364 414 741 499
Portugal 3,303 0 826 54 163 60 78 56 19 231 1,708 (D) 92 66 209 (D)
Russia 11,218 (D) 6,160 380 625 247 247 320 31 (D) 1,564 1 288 388 650 (D)
Spain 17,408 16 10,169 441 3,200 811 653 235 319 2,276 2,278 343 496 159 1,682 2,265
Sweden 9,956 4 4,231 100 1,226 245 583 440 50 597 997 66 1,595 761 1,237 1,066
Switzerland 52,780 181 18,006 166 8,055 163 1,758 2,515 409 −48 17,384 2,702 2,541 1,410 3,835 6,721
Turkey 9,073 (D) 7,825 324 686 (D) 99 (D) (D) 380 708 15 86 270 215 (D)
United Kingdom 179,738 3,845 59,200 10,835 6,659 1,698 4,113 5,016 835 6,421 12,506 15,993 15,483 30,775 21,023 20,912
Other 7,094 (D) 5,514 402 375 1,348 155 143 (D) 1,076 2,596 7 469 267 1,420 (D)
Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 157,857 20,552 68,929 7,712 14,094 2,707 5,474 3,853 1,820 12,156 10,054 9,995 6,891 17,252 20,399 3,787
South America 80,913 14,298 37,394 4,357 10,138 1,387 3,023 1,603 935 (D) 4,783 2,652 4,448 4,583 4,221 8,535
Argentina 17,203 3,820 7,694 658 1,866 (D) 302 29 23 646 786 (D) 977 1,027 330 (D)
Brazil 37,602 1,056 22,971 2,474 5,460 1,277 2,640 1,319 817 2,354 2,127 647 1,838 2,968 2,875 3,121
Chile 8,649 (D) 1,550 211 546 74 −23 144 17 (D) 207 (D) 685 −90 372 2,250
Colombia 5,593 1,415 1,620 216 486 25 (D) 96 75 84 882 225 263 356 350 482
Ecuador 895 99 479 48 94 0 3 (D) (*) (D) 223 (D) (D) 89 −74 41
Peru 6,040 4,642 611 159 138 1 50 1 2 (*) 118 (*) 19 49 199 401
Venezuela 3,250 202 2,117 483 1,502 (D) 4 2 1 (D) 330 −16 (D) −29 134 (D)
Other 1,680 (D) 352 110 45 (D) (D) (D) 1 (D) 110 28 155 212 35 (D)
Central America 57,941 3,304 29,793 3,234 4,065 (D) 1,768 2,216 883 9,074 3,663 7,210 963 3,141 (D) (D)
Costa Rica 3,249 0 1,526 (D) 227 3 4 220 (D) (D) 425 (D) 19 15 306 (D)
Honduras 647 0 233 (D) 3 0 0 (D) (*) (D) 85 98 3 (D) 2 (D)
Mexico 50,956 3,258 26,953 2,784 3,660 1,140 1,761 1,969 825 8,974 2,978 5,692 902 2,733 1,654 6,785
Panama 995 46 381 16 77 6 3 1 (*) 0 105 75 18 25 17 328
Other 2,095 0 701 233 99 (D) (*) (D) (D) 0 70 (D) 20 (D) (D) 301
Other Western Hemisphere 19,003 2,949 1,741 122 −109 (D) 683 34 2 (D) 1,609 133 1,479 9,529 (D) (D)
Barbados 4,565 3 5 (D) −5 0 5 (D) (*) 0 (D) 7 (D) 702 (D) −180
Bermuda −12,634 884 −1,783 0 (D) 1 (D) (D) 0 (D) 151 0 1,476 632 155 −14,150
Dominican Republic 1,130 0 569 (D) (D) 1 (*) 1 2 0 110 54 6 (D) 24 (D)
United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean1 11,431 745 2,649 0 (D) 2 (D) −133 −3 1 271 (D) 9 7,151 285 (D)
Other 14,512 1,318 301 (D) 95 (D) 3 10 3 0 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 1,070
Africa 27,648 16,457 4,515 728 507 76 518 157 27 (D) 999 (D) 580 2,081 478 (D)
Egypt 3,668 (D) 1,382 187 −24 32 (D) (*) 0 (*) 335 (*) (D) 139 20 108
Nigeria 7,805 (D) −25 2 (D) 1 (D) (*) 0 0 68 0 (D) (D) (*) 13
South Africa 5,849 −33 1,873 239 536 29 271 97 (D) 405 535 (D) 195 443 454 (D)
Other 10,326 7,366 1,285 300 (D) 13 (D) 59 (D) (D) 61 (D) (D) (D) 4 (D)
Middle East 24,601 8,736 7,026 421 747 236 1,568 2,358 37 (D) 1,726 (D) 1,473 797 4,277 (D)
Israel 9,901 (D) 4,682 34 266 110 1,203 2,217 27 (D) 788 (D) 797 264 2,315 (D)
Saudi Arabia 1,560 597 642 (D) 224 54 (D) (D) 0 0 −51 (D) 37 65 547 (D)
United Arab Emirates 9,326 4,621 1,024 (D) 247 (D) 374 113 11 0 903 17 587 529 1,094 551
Other 3,814 (D) 678 (D) 10 (D) (D) (D) (*) 0 86 0 51 −62 321 (D)
Asia and Pacific 361,942 22,974 153,893 5,985 31,230 5,235 11,806 45,999 3,495 10,714 46,483 9,288 17,450 24,357 41,680 45,816
Australia 48,329 7,910 16,124 1,863 1,882 2,568 913 1,530 290 1,187 7,284 728 2,343 1,928 5,854 6,157
China 71,515 1,231 43,037 1,257 9,322 1,614 5,407 11,184 1,611 5,792 8,998 3,625 1,514 1,697 4,718 6,695
Hong Kong 19,024 5 3,860 41 739 133 227 932 124 5 4,311 551 1,050 5,277 2,642 1,328
India 34,747 27 6,716 455 2,319 191 765 989 353 615 2,679 −310 3,928 3,218 15,444 3,045
Indonesia 14,217 6,143 6,614 (D) 201 (*) (D) (D) (D) (D) 390 93 73 551 141 212
Japan 46,574 0 16,144 122 5,844 127 1,381 3,936 210 1,046 8,263 2,063 3,501 5,206 6,785 4,613
Korea, Republic of 16,250 (D) 10,522 205 1,727 132 787 1,537 128 2,051 1,839 805 222 960 814 (D)
Malaysia 9,344 1,668 5,653 157 454 66 389 3,888 (D) 150 514 116 122 494 542 234
New Zealand 4,156 7 1,183 275 178 (D) 131 106 12 2 1,233 135 255 357 349 637
Philippines 6,452 (D) 2,321 253 182 (D) 8 1,288 (D) (D) 371 323 352 514 529 (D)
Singapore 49,775 351 25,040 122 6,358 26 1,138 14,555 475 −1,143 7,890 665 3,443 2,791 3,012 6,582
Taiwan 8,815 0 5,454 81 885 119 184 2,994 20 (D) 907 312 546 863 445 288
Thailand 15,165 (D) 9,168 472 942 69 219 2,730 (D) 623 1,356 125 60 424 284 (D)
Other 17,580 (D) 2,057 (D) 197 (D) (D) (D) (*) 106 448 58 40 77 121 (D)
Addenda
European Union (28) 2 628,875 6,480 275,866 21,579 64,159 10,016 34,030 40,399 5,794 29,273 66,763 38,599 55,363 49,665 65,895 70,244
OPEC3 32,413 21,811 4,713 783 2,030 116 539 157 12 (D) 1,493 32 1,288 701 1,976 399
*
Between zero and +/- $500,000, or fewer than 50 employees
D
Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data on individual companies
  1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
  2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
  3. OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In the time period covered by this table, its members were Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.